Table 1.
Sample sites of seahorses Hippocampus guttulatus (G) and H. hippocampus (H), sampling method [Fishing Method (Net, Pot, Trawl, Trammel or Dredge), Type of dive (Collection, Survey or Transect), Social (Donations, Interviews or Trade)], and environmental parameters (depth, visibility, temperature, habitat and main seahorse holdfast), (a) new data (b) published data
| (a) New data | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Site | Country | Location type | Species | Sampling method | Depth range (m) | Visibility (m) | Temperature (°C) | Holdfast | Habitat |
| HUK | UK | Coast | H | Fisher–Nets | ≈ 55 | n/a | n/a | Plocamium spp. | Sand and macroalgae |
| SUK | UK | Coast | H | Fisher–Pots | ≈ 25 | n/a | n/a | n/a | Mussel bed |
| BFR | France | Coastal | H, G | Collection dive | 2–6 | 16 | Z. marina, Ulva spp., Sabellidae spp. | Z. marina beds | |
| AFR | France | Lagoon | G | Donation | 5–10 | n/a | n/a | n/a | Channel of sand with Z. marina beds on sides |
| TPO | Portugal | Lagoon | G | Donation, collection dive | 3–4 | 2–4 | 19 | Z. marina | Z. marina beds on sand |
| PPO | Portugal | Estuary | G | Collection dive | 1–3 | < 1 | 19 | Artificial | Ropes and other artificial structures on heavy silt |
| RPO | Portugal | Lagoon | H, G | Collection dive | 1–6 | 1–7 | 20 | Sand, Z. marina, C. nodosa, Artificial | Sparse Z. marina, sand urchins and macro-algae, tunicates and artificial |
| MSP | Spain | Coastal | H, G | Collection dive | 6–8 | 2–5 | 19 | Z. marina | Mixed sparse seagrass beds |
| TFR | France | Lagoon | G | Collection dive | 2–4 | 1–4 | 21 | Various | Mixed and complex |
| GFR | France | Coastal | H | Collection dive | 4.5–6 | < 1 | 15 | On benthos | Heavy silt and tunicates |
| GMA | Malta | Coastal | H | Collection dive | 9–20 | 15–40 | 18 | Z. marina | Sand/seagrass bed, + 70 m deep wall @ 20 m |
| KGR | Greece | Coastal | H, G | Collection dive transect dive | 5–19 | 15–20 | 24 | Z. marina | Mixed seagrass on slope |
| CGR | Greece | Coastal | G | Collection dive transect dive | 2–5 | 15–20 | 26 | Stones | Sponge, rock and pebble wells |
| VBU | Bulgaria | Coastal | G | Collection dive transect dive | 5–6.5 | 1 | 25 | In mixed algae, Dictyopteris and Chaetomorpha spp. | Ulva spp. |
| LCN | Spain | Coastal | H | Collection dive transect dive | 6–21 | 10–30 | 21 | Artificial substrates | Rock, rope and ship wreck |
| SEN | Senegal | n/a | H | Trade | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| (b) Published data | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Site | Country | Type | Species | Sampling method | Depth range (m) | Holdfast | Habitat | References |
| DUK | UK | Coastal | G | Survey dive | 1–3 | Z. marina | Z. marina | Garrick-Maidment et al. (2010) |
| OUK | UK | Lagoon | H, G | Interview | 0–17 | Algae and seagrass (G) n/a (H) | Algae (H + G), sand (H + G), mixed seagrass (G), Oyster bed (H + G) | N. Garrick-Maidment Pers. Corr. |
| AFR | France | Lagoon | H, G | Interview | 3–20 | n/a | Z. marina, Z nolti, sand, shells | Grima (2011) |
| GSP | Spain | Coastal | H, G | Survey dive | 2.5–8 | Macroalgae (G) Seagrass (H) |
Sand (G), seagrass macroalgae | Valladares et al. (2011), (2013) |
| APO | Portugal | Estuary | H, G | Net | n/a | n/a | n/a | Veiga et al. (2009) |
| RPO | Portugal | Lagoon | H, G | Transect dive and net | 0–7 | Tunicates and shells (H + G), Artificial (G), sessile invertebrates (H + G), macroalgae (H + G), seagrass (H + G) | Mixed seagrass and macroalgae (G), sessile invertebrates (H + G), sand (H) | Curtis and Vincent (2005, 2006), Curtis (2004), Caldwell and Vincent (2012), Correia et al. (2015), Vieira et al. (2014) |
| RSP | Spain | Lagoon | G | Net | 2–3 | n/a | C. nodosa, invasive Caulerpa | Verdiell-Cubedo et al. (2006) |
| TFR | France | Lagoon | G | Transect dive | 0–9 | Artificial | Sand, algae and sparse seagrass | Louisy (2011) |
| SIT | Italy | Coastal | H | Transect dive | n/a | n/a | Sand | Canese et al. (2007) |
| MIT | Italy | Lagoon | H, G | Transect dive | 0–5 12 | Artificial (H + G) | Mixed sand, sparse seagrass, dense Ulva sp. | Tiralongo and Baldacconi (2014), Gristina et al. (2015) |
| VIT | Italy | Lagoon | H, G | Net | n/a | n/a | Seagrass (H + G), saltmarsh (G) | Franco et al. (2006) |
| TSL | Slovenia | Coastal | G | Transect dive | 4–10 | C. nodosa | C. nodosa | Bonaca and Lipej (2005) |
| KGR | Greece | Coastal | G | Transect dive | n/a | n/a | n/a | Issaris and Katsanevakis (2010) |
| MTR | Turkey | Coastal | G | Net | 0–2 | n/a | Seagrass, sand | Keskin (2007) |
| TTR | Turkey | Coastal | G | Interview | n/a | n/a | n/a | Kasapoglu and Duzgunes (2014) |
| NTR | Turkey | Coastal | G | Interview | n/a | n/a | n/a | Başusta et al. (2014) |
| WTR | Turkey | Coastal | H, G | Interview | 0–30 | n/a | Seagrass, rock, mud, sand | Filiz and Taskavak (2012) |
| ATR | Turkey | Coastal | H, G | Interview and trawl | n/a | n/a | n/a | Gurkan and Taskavak (2007) |
| RGR | Greece | Coastal | H, G | Trawl | 12–15 | n/a | seagrass | Kitsos et al. (2008) |
| GTU | Tunisia | Lagoons | H, G | Trammel net and dredge gear | n/a | n/a | n/a | Ben Amor et al. (2011) |
| GCN | Spain | Coastal | H | Transect dive | 15 | Macroalgae, sessile invertebrates, seagrass | Rock, sand, C. nodosa, macroalgae, artificial | Otero-Ferrer (2011) |