Table 2.
Summary of the selected criteria for semi-arid streams and rivers
| Category | Attributes | Criteria | Conditions | References of tools to be used |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Status | 1. Protection status | Protected areas | Assemblée Nationale (1997 and 2001) | |
| 2. River bed dynamics | (Near to) natural*) | Mühlmann (2010) | ||
| 3. Channel form | (Near to) natural*) | Mühlmann (2010) | ||
| 4.Substrate composition | (Near to) natural*) | Mühlmann (2010) | ||
| 5. Bank dynamics | (Near to) natural*) | Mühlmann (2010) | ||
| Hydro-morphological features | 6. In-channel features | (Near to) natural*) | Mühlmann (2010) | |
| River morphology | 7. Channel structure typical to the typology | Near to) natural*) | Hughes (1995) | |
| 8. Dam barrier or reservoir upstream at 500 m of sites | No dam barrier or reservoir**) | Present study | ||
| 9. Habitat composition | Representative diversity of substrate composition corresponds to related typology**) | Johnson et al.(2013) | ||
| 10.Spawning habitats for the natural fish population | (Near to) natural***) | Barbour et al. (1996) | ||
| 12. Sand or gravel excavation | No**) | Nijboer et al. (2004) | ||
| Hydrological condition | 13. Alteration of the natural hydrograph and discharge regime | No alteration****) | Barbour et al. (1996) | |
| 14. Water extraction for hydropower and industrial uses | No****) | Present study | ||
| 15. Water extraction for irrigation | No (few exception tolerated if in harmony with nature)**) | Hering et al. (2003) | ||
| Physicochemical features | Point source pollution | 16. Point source pollution and eutrophication | No**), ***) | Hering et al. (2003) |
| 17. Sign of salinity | No*****) | Present study | ||
| 27. Diffuse input | No**) | Nijboer et al. (2004) | ||
| Sensoric features | 18. Color and odor | Only natural**)* | Moog, and Sharma (2005) | |
| 19. Foam | Only natural***) | Moog, and Sharma (2005) | ||
| 20. Turbidity | Only natural***) | Moog and Sharma (2005) | ||
| 21. Waste dumping | No**) | Moog and Sharma (2005) | ||
| Physicochemical | 22. Conductivity | < 75 μs/cm*****) | Present study | |
| 23. Dissolved oxygen | > 6.0 mg/l*****) | Present study | ||
| Nonpoint source poll. | 24. Livestock at 100 m of site | No**) | Present study | |
| 25. Cattle watering | No, only wildlife**) | Lakew et Moog (2015) | ||
| Direct water uses | 26. Washing and bathing | Only minimal activities**) | Hering et al. (2003) | |
| Land use | 28. Crop farming in the riparian zone | No**) | Hering et al. (2003) | |
| 29. Riparian vegetation | (near to) natural*) | Mühlmann (2010) | ||
| 30. Extensive agriculture | No**) | Kaboré et al. (2015) | ||
| 31. Intensive agriculture | No**) | Kaboré et al. (2015) | ||
| 32. Urbanization, industry, and other uses | No**) | Kaboré et al. (2015) | ||
| 33. Fishery activity | No evidence**), ***) | Kaboré et al. (2015) | ||
| 34. Human settlement in the floodplain area | No**), ***) | Kaboré et al. (2015) | ||
| 35. Riparian zone use for recreation | Occasional**) | Kaboré et al. (2015) | ||
| 36. Lateral connectivity between river and riparian zone | Natural**) | Richardson et al. (2012) | ||
| Biological elements | 37. Presence of wild birds and mammals | Possibly (field observation) **), ***) | Barbour et al. (1996) |
*) class 1 of the Mühlmann classification system; **) yes/no-information by field trips or written information, Google earth map; ***) information available from Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, local river authority, or other sources (e.g., local fishermen, foresters, natural park guides); ****) information available at the Water and Environment Ministry or written information; *****) in-situ measurements with probes (e.g., conductivity meter; oxygen meter)