Table 1.
Results of gait analysis with significant differences between wild-type (n = 9) and Ano2 −/− mice (n = 10)
| Parameter | Ano2 +/+ | Ano2 −/− | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basic Locomotion | |||
| Average running speed (cm/s) | 17.60 ± 1.14 | 11.84 ± 0.64 | <0.001 |
| Number of steps per s | 12.35 ± 0.57 | 9.70 ± 0.39 | <0.001 |
| Total number of steps | 84.23 ± 3.06 | 95.75 ± 2.19 | <0.01 |
| Running duration (s) | 3.48 ± 0.26 | 4.89 ± 0.25 | <0.001 |
| Step characteristics | |||
| Stride length (cm)a | 5.28 ± 0.10 | 4.68 ± 0.07 | <0.001 |
| Step cycle for each paw (s)b | 0.32 ± 0.009 | 0.42 ± 0.01 | <0.001 |
| % of step cycle standing | 56.86 ± 0.53 | 61.18 ± 0.57 | <0.001 |
| Swing speed in cycle (cm/s) | 45.58 ± 1.09 | 37.34 ± 0.75 | <0.001 |
| Mean duration of standing (s)c | 0.20 ± 0.009 | 0.28 ± 0.007 | <0.001 |
| Hind paws: single stance (s)d | 0.11 ± 0.003 | 0.13 ± 0.004 | <0.01 |
| Hind paws: dual stance (s)e | 0.04 ± 0.004 | 0.07 ± 0.006 | <0.001 |
| Distance HP-FP: left (cm)f | 1.10 ± 0.08 | 1.44 ± 0.12 | <0.05 |
| Distance HP-FP: right (cm) | 0.99 ± 0.10 | 1.44 ± 0.07 | <0.001 |
| Width between hind paws (cm) | 2.45 ± 0.04 | 2.59 ± 0.04 | <0.05 |
| Support on three legs (%)g | 22.60 ± 1.94 | 31.12 ± 1.11 | <0.001 |
| Support on diagonal legs (%)h | 60.81 ± 3.17 | 46.65 ± 2.5 | <0.001 |
| Gait variability | |||
| Run maximum variation (%)i | 55.00 ± 4.86 | 68.65 ± 3.89 | <0.05 |
| Step sequence regularity (%)j | 88.80 ± 1.15 | 83.53 ± 1.74 | <0.05 |
| Interpaw coordinationk | |||
| RF->LH | 0.68 ± 0.03 | 0.54 ± 0.04 | <0.05 |
| LF->RH | 0.73 ± 0.03 | 0.56 ± 0.03 | <0.001 |
| LH->RH | 0.57 ± 0.03 | 0.40 ± 0.04 | <0.01 |
| LF->RF | 0.80 ± 0.02 | 0.72 ± 0.02 | <0.01 |
| RF->RH | 0.68 ± 0.03 | 0.53 ± 0.03 | <0.001 |
| LF->LH | 0.68 ± 0.04 | 0.55 ± 0.03 | <0.01 |
aDistance between successive placements of the same paw
bTime between two consecutive initial placements of the same paw
cDuration of ground contact of paw
dDuration of ground contact of single hind paw
eDuration of simultaneous ground contact of two hind paws
fDistance between hind paw and ipsilateral front paw in the same step cycle
gPercentage of time with three paws on the ground
hPercentage of time with contralateral hind paw—front paw combinations on the ground
iVariation in running speed given as percentage of average running speed
jA measure of uniformity in the execution of stepping patterns (100% indicates a completely uniform running pattern)
kTemporal relationship between placement of the indicated paw pairs; the range of the indicated Cstat parameter R (strength of directedness) is between 0 and 1, with smaller values indicating larger variance of phase dispersion