Table 3.
Studies included in the ALE meta-analysis.
| Study | N | Mind wandering report | Contrast/Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|
| a. Mcguire et al. 199662 – Study 1 | 5 | Retrospective | Correlation between stimulus-independent thought frequency and regional cerebral blood flow |
| b. Mcguire et al. 199662 – Study 2 | 6 | Retrospective | Correlation between stimulus-independent thought frequency and regional cerebral blood flow |
| c. Binder et al. 199967 | 30 | Inferential | Rest vs. Tone task |
| d. Mason et al. 200711 | 19 | Inferential and questionnaire | 'Practiced > novel’ inclusively masked with ‘baseline > all tasks’; Correlation between frequency of mind-wandering and the change in BOLD signal observed when participants performed ‘practiced’ relative to ‘novel’ blocks |
| e. Christoff et al. 200910 | 15 | Online | Intervals prior to off-task reports vs. intervals prior to on-task reports |
| f. Wang et al. 200968 | 12 | Questionnaire | Correlation between regional homogeneity reflected activity and spontaneous thought processes frequency during resting state |
| g. Dumontheil et al. 201058 | 16 | Retrospective | Low demanding tasks vs. High demanding tasks |
| h. Stawarczyk et al. 201112 | 22 | Online | Mind wandering > on-task; External distraction > on-task; Task related interferences > on-task |
| i. Hasenkamp et al. 201269 | 14 | Online | Awareness of mind wandering > mind wandering; Mind wandering > shift |
| j. Kucyi et al. 201370 | 51 | Online | Attention to something other than pain > Attention to pain |
| k. McKiernan et al. 200671 | 30 | Inferential | Correlation between task-induced deactivation and task-unrelated thought frequency |
| l. Fransson, 200672 | 14 | Retrospective | Rest > Working memory task |
Note. N = sample size; Mind wandering report = how mind wandering experiences were collected; condition = experimental condition added to the ALE meta-analysis.