Figure 9.

Chloroquine inhibits HCMV virus production and VAC formation. (a) Fibroblast cell were pre-treated 24 h before infection with the indicated concentrations of chloroquine. Following infection with TB40/E-GFP supernatant was harvested 7 days post-infection and virus levels determined by serial dilution plaque analysis. (n = 4, error bars indicate standard deviation, *p-value < 0.05). (b) Total RNA was extracted from control cells and cells treated as described above with 25 mM chloroquine (CQ), to determine viral transcript levels by qRT-PCR. Transcript levels were normalized to GAPDH and compared to untreated sample (UN) (n = 2, error bars indicate standard deviation). (c) Fibroblast cells were treated with 25 mM of chloroquine then infected with AD169 at an MOI of 1. Cells were fixed 96 hpi and analysed by immunofluorescence for viral pp28 (red), cellular GM130 (green) and nuclear stain DAPI (blue).