MTS viability
and LDH cytotoxicity assay of A549 cells exposed
to doxorubicin-loaded NIMs. MTS (left panel) and LDH (right panel)
assay measuring viability and cytotoxicity, respectively, of A549
lung adenocarcinoma cells after 48 h of exposure to (A) low dose of
D-NIMs compared to free doxorubicin (1 μg NIMs containing 0.016
μg doxorubicin compared to 0.03 μg free doxorubicin),
(B) medium dose of D-NIMs compared to free doxorubicin (10 μg
NIMs containing 0.16 μg doxorubicin compared to 0.3 μg
free doxorubicin), and (C) high dose of D-NIMs compared to free doxorubicin
(100 μg NIMs containing 1.6 μg doxorubicin compared to
3.0 μg free doxorubicin). Free doxorubicin control (dark gray),
spray-dried lactose control (light gray), SPIONs control (dashed gray),
D-NIMs (black); for both MTS and LDH panels. Lactose and SPIONs controls
were used at the ratios from the spray-dried feed solution and were
held constant relative to doxorubicin. A two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s
multiple comparison test was used to determine statistical significance.
*p <.05; **p <.01, ***p <.001, ****p <.0001; data shown
with standard error of the mean (SEM) and n = 3.