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. 2017 Nov 8;4(11):171296. doi: 10.1098/rsos.171296

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© 2017 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 1. — The probability of the bystander to intervene depending on the effects of the interaction of bystander rank (z-standardized, original mean = 0.614, s.d. = 0.263) with group identity (model 1.1). Higher values on the x-axis depict high bystander ranks. Mangabeys (black) show a significant positive effect with increasing rank, while south (green) shows a significant negative effect, and east showed no effect. Shown are the observed probabilities to intervene into a grooming bout of average duration (larger point areas (range 1–639 observations) denote a larger number of observations) as well as the model results (lines).