Figure 4. Orientation-dependent disulfide bonding model.

(A) Degrees of freedom evaluated by the disulfide bonding energy: sulfur—sulfur distance, d_SS, angle between the β-carbon and two sulfur atoms, θ_CSS, dihedral corresponding to rotation about the α -Carbon and sulfur bond ϕ_CαS, and dihedral corresponding to rotation about the S—S bond ϕ_SS. (B) $E_{\text{dslf}}^{SS}$, (C) $E_{\text{dslf}}^{\mathit{CSS}}$ (D) $E_{\text{dslf}}^{C_{\alpha }{C}_{\beta }SS}$ (E) $E_{\text{dslf}}^{C_{\beta }{\mathit{SSC}}_{\beta }}$.