Table 2.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index-qualifying symptoms and C4d levels at higher disease activity in the cross-sectional study (n = 98)

	Higher disease activity					Lower disease activity
	Feature present		Feature absent
Clinical features	No. of subjects	C4d (mg/L)	No. of subjects	C4d (mg/L)	p Value	No. of subjects
Seizure	2	0.56 (0–1.12)	96	0.49 (0.09–1.32)	–	0
Psychosis	0	–	98	0.49 (0.08–1.31)	–	0
Organic brain syndrome	0	–	98	0.49 (0.08–1.31)	–	0
Visual disturbance	7	0.53 (0.35–0.88)	91	0.45 (0.05–1.32)	0.658	0
Cranial nerve disorder	0	–	98	0.49 (0.08–1.31)	–	0
Lupus headache	2	0.39 (0–0.77)	96	0.49 (0.09–1.32)	–	0
Cerebrovascular accident	2	0	96	0.51 (0.10–1.32)	–	0
Vasculitis	12	0.73 (0.33–1.44)	86	0.46 (0.05–1.16)	0.342	0
Arthritis	29	0.15 (0.001–1.03)	69	0.65 (0.21–1.33)	0.033	1
Myositis	1	0.19 (0.19–0.19)	97	0.51 (0.07–1.31)	–	0
Kidney involvement (urinary cast, hematuria, proteinuria, or pyuria)	34	0.89 (0.44–1.56)	64	0.34 (0 –1.12)	0.003	1
Rash	30	0.45 (0.10–1.15)	68	0.52 (0.05 –1.38)	0.745	4
Alopecia	7	0.33 (0.03–0.76)	91	0.51 (0.09 –1.32)	0.365	1
Oral ulcers	7	0.40 (0.11–1.24)	91	0.51 (0.05 –1.32)	0.868	0
Pleurisy	13	0.88 (0.34–2.16)	85	0.44 (0.05 –1.19)	0.172	0
Pericarditis	7	1.07 (0.12–2.85)	91	0.45 (0.05 –1.24)	0.237	0
Low complement (C3 or C4)	54	0.87 (0.35–1.46)	44	0.17 (0–0.99)	0.001	40
Anti-DNA antibodies	46	1.02 (0.49–1.51)	52	0.16 (0–0.73)	<0.0001	24
Fever	6	1.18 (0.76–2.82)	92	0.45 (0.05–1.26)	0.069	0
Thrombocytopenia	3	0.40 (0.18–1.51)	95	0.45 (0.04–1.12)	–	2
Leukopenia	10	0.47 (0.22–1.53)	88	0.44 (0.03–1.12)	0.49	6

C4d levels are presented as median (25–75% quantile), and significance was calculated using the Mann-Whitney U test. Significant p Values are highlighted in bold. C4d levels were calculated only when more than five patients had the particular symptom at higher disease activity