Table 1.

Unadjusted hospital resource utilization outcomes

	Non-IET		IET
	N = 32,710		N = 4984
Antibiotics costs, $	Mean/Median	SD/IQR	Mean/Median	SD/IQR	P-value
UTI
Mean	779	1486	1333	2655	<0.001
Median	405	190, 844	586	226, 1332	<0.001
Sepsis
Mean	958	2496	1736	3840	<0.001
Median	478	226, 1007	731	310, 1782	<0.001
Pneumonia
Mean	887	1106	918	1202	<0.001
Median	552	269, 1067	459	183, 1148	0.098
Any
Mean	845	1844	1381	2909	<0.001
Median	441	206, 919	602	230, 1422	<0.001
Antibiotics costs as a fraction of total hospital costs	Mean/Median	SD/IQR	Mean/Median	SD/IQR	P-value
UTI
Mean	4.5%	4.4%	5.0%	5.2%	<0.001
Median	3.4%	1.9%, 5.8%	3.5%	1.8%, 6.4%	0.066
Sepsis
Mean	4.3%	4.2%	4.3%	5.1%	0.923
Median	3.2%	1.8%, 5.5%	3.0%	1.4%, 5.3%	<0.001
Pneumonia
Mean	5.3%	4.4%	4.6%	4.3%	<0.001
Median	4.1%	2.3%, 7.0%	3.2%	1.7%, 6.0%	<0.001
Any
Mean	4.5%	4.4%	4.7%	5.0%	0.028
Median	3.4%	1.9%, 5.8%	3.3%	1.6%, 6.0%	0.012
30-day readmission	Rate	N at risk	Rate	N at risk	P-value
UTI	20.8%	16,028	24.8%	2194	<0.001
Sepsis	20.6%	9097	26.7%	1191	<0.001
Pneumonia	23.8%	3521	25.8%	294	0.204
Any	21.1%	28,646	25.6%	4279	<0.001

IET inappropriate empiric therapy, SD standard deviation, UTI urinary tract infection, IQR interquartile range