Table 2.

Maternal placental mRNA expression of cytokines in 4 kinds of delivery modes (mean ± SE)

Cytokines	VD	CDMI	CDMR	UCD	P Value
Pro-inflammatory cytokines
IL-1β	0.98 ± 0.04	0.85 ± 0.07	0.77 ± 0.06	1.04 ± 0.22	0.042
TNF-α	1.36 ± 0.05	1.47 ± 0.08	1.59 ± 0.06	1.84 ± 0.23	0.007
IL-6	0.73 ± 0.04	0.85 ± 0.06	0.90 ± 0.06	1.02 ± 0.22	0.063
IFN-γ	1.18 ± 0.06	1.12 ± 0.09	1.15 ± 0.07	1.59 ± 0.25	0.399
IL-8	0.87 ± 0.04	0.65 ± 0.07	0.55 ± 0.06	0.96 ± 0.20	<0.001
Anti-inflammatory cytokines
IL-4	0.93 ± 0.05	0.81 ± 0.08	0.89 ± 0.06	1.19 ± 0.22	0.354
IL-10	1.07 ± 0.05	0.99 ± 0.08	0.96 ± 0.07	1.11 ± 0.23	0.538
Oxidative stress cytokines
HO-1	0.91 ± 0.04	1.09 ± 0.08	1.15 ± 0.06	0.90 ± 0.16	0.009

VD vaginal delivery, CDMI cesarean delivery with medical indication, CDMR cesarean deliveryon maternal request, UCD urgent cesarean delivery