Table 2.
The selected features for the four axes of the health space
| Glucose | Coefficients | Lipid | Coefficients | AA and Vit | Coefficients | Metabolic stress | Coefficients |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C-peptide (AUCp) | 0.062 | LDL (t0) | 0.060 | D-Glutamic acid (t0) | 0.054 | LDL (t0) | 0.060 |
| Total carbohydrates (Q) | − 0.060 | Body fat % | 0.059 | L-Tyrosine (t0) | 0.040 | Cholesterol (t0) | 0.059 |
| Polysaccharides (Q) | − 0.058 | Cholesterol (t0) | 0.059 | L-Isoleucine (AUCp) | 0.040 | Systolic blood pressure | 0.055 |
| Glucose (t0) | 0.055 | Waist circumference | 0.055 | Vitamin C index | 0.038 | Current weight (Q) | 0.046 |
| 4-Methyl-2-oxovaleric-acid (t0) | − 0.052 | BMI | 0.055 | Fisher ratio | − 0.036 | GGTP (t0) | 0.041 |
| 3-Methyl-2-oxo-valeric-acid (t0) | − 0.049 | Systolic blood pressure | 0.054 | Iron index | − 0.035 | Diastolic blood pressure | 0.041 |
| Insulin (AUCp) | 0.045 | Diastolic blood pressure | 0.040 | L-Phenylalanine (AUCp) | 0.035 | Triglyceride (AUCp) | 0.040 |
| Matsuda index | − 0.045 | Triglyceride (AUCp) | 0.040 | L-Leucine (AUCp) | 0.035 | Triglyceride (t0) | 0.038 |
| L-Isoleucine (AUCp) | 0.045 | Triglyceride (t0) | 0.038 | Albumin (t0) | − 0.034 | Education (Q) | − 0.038 |
| Mono- and disaccharides (Q) | − 0.044 | Body weight | 0.037 | D-Glutamic acid (AUCn) | − 0.033 | Glucose (t0) | 0.037 |
| Hepatic insulin resistance (HC) | 0.041 | Waist-hip ratio | 0.037 | Vitamin B6 (Q) | − 0.033 | L-Tyrosine (t0) | 0.031 |
| Glucose (AUCp) | 0.040 | Triglyceride (AUCn) | 0.028 | Phenylalanine hydroxylase activity index | 0.033 | Matsuda index | − 0.031 |
| L-Leucine (AUCp) | 0.039 | Total fat (Q) | − 0.023 | AAA | 0.032 | Alcohol (Q) | − 0.029 |
| 3-Methyl-2-oxo-valeric-acid (AUCn) | 0.032 | 3-Hydroxybutanoic acid (AUCp) | − 0.016 | Vitamin B1 (Q) | − 0.031 | Triglyceride (AUCn) | 0.029 |
| Glucagon (AUCp) | 0.030 | Albumin (AUCn) | 0.029 | Fisher ratio | − 0.028 | ||
| L-Valine (AUCp) | 0.029 | L-Lysine (t0) | 0.029 | Glucose (AUCp) | 0.027 | ||
| 4-Methyl-2-oxovaleric-acid (AUCn) | 0.026 | L-Methionine (t0) | − 0.027 | L-Phenylalanine (AUCp) | 0.027 | ||
| Glucagon (AUCn) | 0.024 | L-Valine (AUCp) | 0.026 | Albumin (t0) | − 0.026 | ||
| Creatinine (AUCn) | 0.025 | Smoking (Q) | − 0.024 | ||||
| L-Tyrosine (AUCp) | 0.025 | Allergy (Q) | − 0.024 | ||||
| L-Ornithine (t0) | 0.025 | Albumin (AUCn) | 0.023 | ||||
| Vitamin B2 (Q) | − 0.024 | Glucose (AUCn) | − 0.022 | ||||
| Glycine (AUCp) | − 0.023 | ALP (t0) | 0.021 | ||||
| L-Serine (AUCp) | − 0.022 | L-Tyrosine (AUCp) | 0.019 | ||||
| Glycine (AUCn) | − 0.021 | 4-oxoproline (AUCp) | − 0.018 | ||||
| Total protein (Q) | − 0.021 | ||||||
| Folic acid (Q) | − 0.021 | ||||||
| L-Valine (AUCn) | 0.021 | ||||||
| Threonine (AUCp) | − 0.020 | ||||||
| Albumin (AUCp) | 0.019 | ||||||
| L-Leucine (AUCn) | 0.018 | ||||||
| L-Phenylalanine (AUCn) | 0.018 | ||||||
| L-Serine (t0) | − 0.018 | ||||||
| L-Proline (AUCn) | 0.016 | ||||||
| L-Tyrosine (AUCn) | 0.016 | ||||||
| L-Asparagine (t0) | − 0.015 | ||||||
| L-Asparagine (AUCp) | − 0.015 | ||||||
| Nonessential AA | 0.014 |
Coefficients represent relative weights for the features, indicating importance for separation of reference groups. AUCp refers to positive part of AUC, AUCn to negative part of AUC, t0 to fasting measurements, and Q to questionnaire