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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 6.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2016 Dec 1;167(6):1469–1480.e12. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.018

Figure 3. αSyn-dependent microglia activation by the microbiota.

Figure 3

(A) Representative 3D reconstructions of Iba1-stained microglia residing in the caudoputamen (CP) of SPF-WT, SPF-ASO, GF-WT, and GF-ASO animals

(B) CP-resident microglia parameters diameter, number of branch points, and total branch length

(C) Substantia nigra (SN)-resident microglia parameters diameter, number of branch points, and total branch length

(D) ELISA analysis for TNF-α and IL-6 present in homogenates from the CP

(E) ELISA analysis for TNF-α and IL-6 present in homogenates from the inferior midbrain (Mid)

(F) qPCR analysis of CD11b+ cells derived from brain homogenate for tnfa and il6

(G) Diameter of microglia residing in the frontal cortex (FC) or cerebellum (CB)

(H) ELISA analysis for TNF-α present in homogenates from the FC or CB

Tissues collected from mice at 12-13 weeks of age. N=3-4, (with 20-60 cells per region per animal analyzed) error bars represent the mean and standard error. *p ≤ 0.05; **p≤ 0.01; ***p≤ 0.001; ****p≤ 0.0001. SPF=specific pathogen free, GF=germ-free, WT=wild-type, ASO=Thy1-α-synuclein genotype. See also Figure S2.