Table 3.
Involved limb and interlimb differences in sagittal and frontal plane hip kinematics and kinetics during stance phase of gait for those with and without knee OA 5 years after ACL reconstruction. Boldface numbers indicate statistically significant group differences.
| Group | Baseline | Post- Training |
6 Months |
1 Year | 2 Years | Interaction Effect |
Main Effect (Time) |
Main Effect (Group) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) |
Mean (SD) |
Mean (SD) |
Mean (SD) |
Mean (SD) |
P-value |
P- value |
P- value |
||
| Peak Hip Flexion Angle (°) | non OA | 31.2 (8.2) | 32.1 (6.9) | 30.5 (7.4) | 30.8 (5.4) | 31.9 (6.1) | 0.769 | 0.442 | 0.043 |
| OA | 25.5 (6.3) | 28.1 (7.6) | 25.5 (8.2) | 22.3 (6.7) | 25.1 (5.7) | ||||
| Interlimb Difference (°) | non OA | 0.5 (3.5) | 1.0 (2.4) | −3.4 (3.7) | 1.3 (2.7) | 0.0 (3.0) | 0.038 | 0.270 | 0.608 |
| OA | −1.2 (3.9) | 1.8 (3.8) | −0.4 (2.4) | −2.1 (3.7) | 0.3 (3.5) | ||||
| Peak Hip Extension Angle (°) | non OA | 19.2 (7.6) | 17.6 (6.2) | 17.3 (6.7) | 19.2 (6.5) | 15.4 (6.4) | 0.731 | 0.304 | 0.337 |
| OA | 21.1 (7.6) | 17.8 (6.2) | 19.8 (5.4) | 22.5 (6.3) | 20.4 (5.5) | ||||
| Interlimb Difference (°) | non OA | 0.4 (3.9) | 1.3 (4.3) | −1.1 (3.2) | −1.6 (3.4) | −2.7 (2.5) | 0.056 | 0.766 | 0.545 |
| OA | −1.6 (3.7) | 2.0 (3.5) | −1.7 (1.9) | 0.8 (3.7) | 1.5 (2.6) | ||||
| Hip Excursion Angle (°) | non OA | 50.4 (5.3) | 49.7 (5.7) | 47.6 (5.3) | 50.0 (4.5) | 47.3 (3.8) | 0.566 | 0.239 | 0.100 |
| OA | 46.6 (2.9) | 45.9 (5.0) | 45.2 (2.9) | 44.8 0.81) | 45.5 (2.5) | ||||
| Interlimb Difference (Nm/kg·m) | non OA | 1.0 (4.2) | 2.3 (5.1) | −4.5 (4.8) | −0.4 (4.8) | −2.6 (4.8) | 0.077 | 0.209 | 0.951 |
| OA | −2.8 (5.5) | 3.9 (5.4) | −2.1 (2.1) | −1.4 (1.5) | 1.8 (1.7) | ||||
| Peak Hip Adduction Angle (°) | non OA | 9.2 (4.2) | 9.4 (3.1) | 8.7 (3.1) | 7.9 (3.3) | 8.0 (3.4) | 0.545 | 0.063 | 0.928 |
| OA | 10.0 (4.0) | 9.4 (3.4) | 7.2 (2.3) | 7.1 (2.1) | 8.9 (3.2) | ||||
| Interlimb Difference (°) | non OA | 2.8 (5.4) | 3.6 (5.1) | 3.5 (4.4) | 2.4 (4.7) | 1.6 (4.9) | 0.463 | 0.635 | 0.289 |
| OA | 1.4 (5.9) | 1.4 (5.7) | −1.0 (3.9) | −0.5 (4.1) | 1.1 (4.0) | ||||
| Peak Hip Flexion Moment (Nm/kg·m) | non OA | 0.77 0.24) | 0.82 0.26) | 0.73 (0.24) | 0.70 (0.19) | 0.64 (0.16) | 0.977 | <0.001 | 0.414 |
| OA | 0.72 0.14) | 0.72 0.14) | 0.65 (0.16) | 0.62 (0.11) | 0.57 (0.09) | ||||
| Interlimb Difference (Nm/kg·m) | non OA | 0.02 0.12) | 0.01 0.13) | 0.02 (0.10) | 0.01 (0.10) | −0.01 (0.12) | 0.091 | 0.021 | 0.072 |
| OA | −0.05 0.21) | 0.06 0.14) | −0.01 (0.11) | 0.18 (0.08) | −0.13 (0.09) | ||||
| Peak Hip Extension Moment (Nm/kg·m) | non OA | 0.64 0.15) | 0.61 0.22) | 0.62 (0.17) | 0.69 (0.16) | 0.64 (0.11) | 0.946 | 0.919 | 0.131 |
| OA | 0.73 0.13) | 0.73 0.08) | 0.72 (0.13) | 0.73 (0.17) | 0.70 (0.12) | ||||
| Interlimb Difference (Nm/kg·m) | non OA | 0.00 0.10) | 0.02 0.09) | −0.01 (0.08) | 0.02 (0.09) | −0.03 (0.07) | 0.495 | 0.880 | 0.494 |
| OA | −0.01 (0.11) | 0.01 (0.10) | −0.02 (0.16) | 0.03 (0.10) | 0.04 (0.10) | ||||
| Peak Hip Adduction Moment (Nm/kg·m) | non OA | 0.58 (0.09) | 0.61 (0.16) | 0.56 (0.13) | 0.57 (0.12) | 0.61 (0.12) | 0.815 | 0.220 | 0.781 |
| OA | 0.56 (0.09) | 0.56 (0.05) | 0.56 (0.06) | 0.55 (0.07) | 0.63 (0.08) | ||||
| Interlimb Difference (Nm/kg·m) | non OA | 0.11 (0.13) | 0.07 (0.12) | 0.11 (0.10) | 0.06 (0.17) | 0.08 (0.15) | 0.555 | 0.786 | 0.042 |
| OA | −0.06 (0.21) | −0.08 (0.21) | −0.06 (0.13) | −0.03 (0.18) | 0.00 (0.10) |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; N, newton; m, meter; kg, kilogram.