Table 5.
Differences among classes on probabilities of outcomes at age 19.
| Class 1 (49.7%) Moderate Problems | Class 2 (39.4%) Resilient | Class 3 (8.66%) Multiple Problems/Non-Family Care | Class 4 (2.22%) Pregnancy History/Multiple Placements | Test of means/probability equivalence with chi-square statistic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Probabilities (SE) | |||||
| Employed at 19 | 0.382 (0.07) | 0.481 (0.10) | 0.403 (0.14) | 0.735 (0.18)* | C4 > C1 |
| Employed or in school | 0.477 (0.06) | 0.754 (0.07)** | 0.529 (0.11) | 0.710 (0.21) | C2 > C1 |
| Has finished HS/GED | 0.519 (0.09) | 0.966 (0.09)** | 0.638 (0.09)* | 0.850 (0.20)* | C2, C4 > C1 |
| Not in school | 0.305 (0.07)* | 0.033 (0.08)*** | 0.263 (0.12)* | 0.060 (0.01)*** | C1 > C2, C4; C3 > C4 |
| Arrested | 0.442 (0.11) | 0.114 (0.05)** | 0.565 (0.14) | 0.154 (0.14)* | C1, C3 > C2 |
| Pregnant | 0.427 (0.06) | 0.217 (0.06)*** | 0.509 (0.19) | 0.000 (0.00)*** | C1 > C2, C3 > C4 |
| Has had child | 0.219 (0.05)*** | 0.076 (0.06)*** | 0.273 (0.10)* | 0.026 (0.08)*** | C1, C2, C3 > C4 |
| Parenting | 0.167 (0.04)*** | 0.111 (0.05)*** | 0.145 (0.06)** | 0.336 (0.16)* | C4 > C1, C2, C3 |
| Substance use disorder | 0.149 (0.04)*** | 0.048 (0.06)*** | 0.285 (0.13)* | 0.014 (0.06) | C3 > C1 > C2, C4 |
| Antisocial personality disorder | 0.022 (0.08)*** | 0.042 (0.03)*** | 0.108 (0.11)** | 0.229 (0.25)* | No differences |
| Depression | 0.061 (0.03)*** | 0.096 (0.04)*** | 0.026 (0.04)*** | 0.602 (0.29) | C4 > C1, C2, C3 |
| Experienced trauma 17–19 | 0.815 (0.05)** | 0.797 (0.05)** | 0.821 (0.08)*** | 0.872 (0.13)*** | No differences |
| PTSD | 0.000 (0.00)*** | 0.059 (0.04)*** | 0.116 (0.04)** | 0.000 (0.00) | C3 > C1, C4 |
| Living situation | |||||
| With biological relative | 0.706 (0.07)* | 0.157 (0.07)** | 0.216 (0.08)* | 0.181 (0.18) | C1 > C2, C3, C4 |
| With foster/adoptive | Could not estimate | ||||
| Independently | 0.296 (0.10)* | 0.211 (0.05)*** | 0.591 (0.11) | 0.351 (0.21) | C3 > C1, C2 |
| Transitional living program | 0.091 (0.04)*** | 0.254 (0.06)** | 0.125 (0.09)** | 0.325 (0.30) | C2 > C1 |
| Congregate care | 0.176 (0.04)*** | 0.013 (0.02)*** | 0.000 (0.00)*** | 0.000 (0.00)*** | C1 > C2, C3, C4 |
| M(SE) | |||||
| Depressive symptoms | 15.39 (0.35) | 14.33 (0.39) | 18.21 (0.79) | 18.20 (1.85) | C3, C4 > C1, C2 |
| Past year living situations | 5.18 (0.33) | 3.05 (0.20) | 8.17 (0.64) | 4.37 (0.99) | C3 > C1, C2, C4; C1 > C2 |
Note. Significance values denote probabilities significantly different from 0.500.
*
p < 0.05.
**
p < 0.01.
***
p < 0.001.