Table 2.
Associations of diabetes mellitus with CKD among adults in the United States
| Parameter | Albuminuria ACR≥30 mg/g | Macroalbuminuria ACR≥300 mg/g | eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | eGFR<30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 | Any CKD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N with abnormality | |||||
| No diabetes | 1159 | 136 | 847 | 83 | 1774 |
| Diabetes | 690 | 177 | 482 | 65 | 943 |
| Prevalence (95% CI), % | |||||
| No diabetes | 3.0 (2.6 to 3.5) | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.5) | 2.5 (2.0 to 3.0) | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.6) | 5.3 (4.6 to 5.9) |
| Diabetes | 16 (13 to 18) | 4.6 (3.4 to 5.8) | 12 (9 to 15) | 2.4 (1.4 to 3.4) | 25 (21 to 28) |
| Prevalence ratio (95% CI) | |||||
| Model 1 | 3.84 (3.21 to 4.59) | 8.70 (5.78 to 13.10) | 2.27 (1.65 to 3.10) | 2.63 (1.41 to 4.89) | 2.67 (2.26 to 3.15) |
| Model 2 | 2.66 (2.18 to 3.24) | 4.85 (2.99 to 7.84) | 1.91 (1.40 to 2.59) | 2.45 (1.20 to 5.02) | 2.05 (1.74 to 2.42) |
| Difference in prevalence (95% CI), % | |||||
| Model 1 | 11.2 (9.4 to 13.0) | 3.9 (3.1 to 4.7) | 6.0 (3.1 to 9.0) | 1.3 (0.3 to 2.4) | 14.9 (12.3 to 17.6) |
| Model 2 | 10.8 (8.7 to 12.9) | 4.5 (3.5 to 5.5) | 6.5 (2.8 to 10.3) | 1.8 (0.2 to 3.4) | 14.6 (11.3 to 17.8) |
| Attributable risk (95% CI), % | |||||
| Model 1 | 74 (69 to 79) | 88 (84 to 93) | 55 (41 to 47) | 62 (39 to 85) | 62 (56 to 69) |
| Model 2 | 62 (55 to 70) | 79 (69 to 88) | 47 (30 to 64) | 59 (31 to 88) | 51 (43 to 59) |
Cell contents are raw numbers of participants, weighted proportions (95% CI) of United States adults with and without diabetes who have the indicated clinical manifestation, adjusted prevalence ratios, adjusted differences in prevalence, and risks of CKD attributable to diabetes. All estimates of prevalence take into account information on the persistence of albuminuria, reduced eGFR, or both. Any CKD was defined as a urine ACR ≥30 mg/g or eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Model 1 was adjusted for demographics and included adjustment for age, age2, sex, and race/ethnicity; model 2 additionally adjusted for use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, use of antihypertensive medications, history of hypertension, years of hypertension, and systolic BP. ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.