Table 3.
Pooled proportion estimates and 95% confidence intervals from weighted meta-analysis of observational studies by study numbers and size with heterogeneity statistics
| Outcome | n | No. of Studies | Proportion (95% CI) | I2, % (95% CI)a | τ2 | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education and employment | ||||||
| Working | 2281 | 35 | 0.47 (0.40 to 0.53) | 90 (87 to 92) | 0.03 | 15–17,20,22–27,29,32,33,35–37,41,42,45,46,48–51,57,60,61,63,64,67,70,72,73,75,76 |
| Unemployed | 1705 | 29 | 0.19 (0.16 to 0.22) | 66 (46 to 76) | 0.005 | 15–17,22–26,29,30,32,33,35–37,41,42,44–49,51,61,67,70,73,75 |
| Studying | 1471 | 26 | 0.29 (0.23 to 0.36) | 91 (89 to 93) | 0.03 | 15,17,22–26,29,32,33,35–37,41,42,46,48,50,51,61,63,64,67,70,73,75 |
| Higher education | 1815 | 21 | 0.26 (0.18 to 0.34) | 95 (93 to 96) | 0.03 | 15–17,20,22,23,26,29,30,32,33,36,40,41,49,51,54,55,67,70,76 |
| Have a disability or registered disabled | 1252 | 13 | 0.15 (0.09 to 0.20) | 87 (79 to 91) | 0.008 | 23,24,26,29,33,35–37,44,49,69,70,72 |
| Basic/manual job | 366 | 5 | 0.44 (0.28 to 0.59) | 88 (72 to 93) | 0.03 | 23,24,33,36,37 |
| Relationships and living arrangements | ||||||
| Married/with partner | 1811 | 26 | 0.25 (0.19 to 0.31) | 90 (87 to 92) | 0.02 | 15–17,20,22,23,25,26,29,30,33,35,37,41,42,45,49–51,55,57,58,61,64,74,76 |
| Live in family home | 2357 | 24 | 0.56 (0.48 to 0.64) | 94 (93 to 95) | 0.04 | 15–17,20,22–27,29,33,35–37,47,49,51,59,64,67,69,73,74 |
| Lives in urban area | 11,724 | 4 | 0.67 (0.48 to 0.87) | 99 (99 to 99) | 0.04 | 34,52,68,71 |
| Psychologic health | ||||||
| Depression/anxiety | 449 | 13 | 0.30 (0.20 to 0.40) | 88 (82 to 92) | 0.03 | 15,17,29,32,38,42–45,48,54,56,67 |
| Self-rated health excellent or good | 243 | 6 | 0.85 (0.76 to 0.93) | 74 (16 to 87) | 0.008 | 15–17,29,45,50 |
| Dissatisfied with body image | 314 | 5 | 0.30 (0.16 to 0.44) | 88 (71 to 93) | 0.02 | 15,27,29,30,37 |
| Satisfied with life | 151 | 3 | 0.88 (0.83 to 0.93) | 0 (0 to 73) | <0.001 | 15–17 |
| Normal health, no complaints | 151 | 3 | 0.55 (0.42 to 0.68) | 59 (0 to 86) | 0.007 | 15–17 |
| Satisfied with personal relationships | 151 | 3 | 0.76 (0.56 to 0.96) | 89 (61 to 95) | 0.03 | 15–17 |
| Health never/seldom affects social life | 151 | 3 | 0.72 (0.53 to 0.92) | 86 (38 to 94) | 0.02 | 15–17 |
| Family support | ||||||
| Satisfied with family support | 300 | 6 | 0.79 (0.69 to 0.89) | 81 (53 to 90) | 0.01 | 15–17,52,56,67 |
| Disease never/seldom affects family life | 151 | 3 | 0.80 (0.51 to 1.08) | 96 (93 to 98) | 0.06 | 15–17 |
| Sexual function | ||||||
| Satisfied with sex life | 178 | 4 | 0.53 (0.30 to 0.77) | 92 (82 to 95) | 0.05 | 15–17,29 |
| Health no obstacle to sex life | 120 | 2 | 0.46 (0.37 to 0.54) | 0 | <0.001 | 15,17 |
| Lifestyle | ||||||
| Current smoker | 11,580 | 4 | 0.17 (0.07 to 0.28) | 96 (93 to 97) | 0.01 | 30,36,64,68 |
| Participate in sports | 274 | 4 | 0.46 (0.26 to 0.67) | 92 (82 to 95) | 0.04 | 17,30,35,76 |
| Sees friends or relatives at least weekly | 176 | 4 | 0.84 (0.78 to 0.91) | 27 (0 to 76) | 0.001 | 15–17,76 |
| Abstains from alcohol | 536 | 3 | 0.30 (0.03 to 0.57) | 98 (97 to 99) | 0.05 | 30,36,38 |
| Has a driving license | 501 | 3 | 0.65 (0.61 to 0.69) | 0 (0 to 73) | <0.001 | 25,36,64 |
| Attends social events at least weekly | 134 | 2 | 0.56 (0.43 to 0.70) | 64 | 0.006 | 15,17 |
95% CI, 95% confidence interval.
a
95% CI for I2 incalculable with one degree of freedom.