Figure 6.

Different pathways and networks involved in the initiation and progression of diabetic kidney disease. AGE, advanced glycation end product; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor; JAK-STAT, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription; PKC, protein kinase C; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SAA, serum amyloid A; VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A. *JAK/STAT signaling can be unchanged (↔) or upregulated (↑) in early and later stages of diabetes, respectively.