Table 1. Characteristics of isolates from the Dutch national antimicrobial resistance surveillance database, 2016 (n = 437,135).
| Blood | Urine | Lower respiratory tract | Wound pus a |
Other sterile materials | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Number of isolates | 25,074 | 100 | 257,515 | 100 | 35,556 | 100 | 61,874 | 100 | 57,116 | 100 |
| Mean number of isolates per laboratory | 643 | NA | 6,438 | NA | 889 | NA | 1,547 | NA | 1,428 | NA |
| Pathogen | ||||||||||
| Escherichia coli | 5,025 | 20 | 136,624 | 53 | 2,581 | 7 | 6,558 | 11 | 7,184 | 13 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 925 | 4 | 19,520 | 8 | 1,277 | 4 | 1,411 | 2 | 1,346 | 2 |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 336 | 1 | 4,619 | 2 | 1,047 | 3 | 2,247 | 4 | 991 | 2 |
| Proteus mirabilis | 275 | 1 | 15,000 | 6 | 585 | 2 | 2,352 | 4 | 1,258 | 2 |
| Other Enterobacteriaceae b | 1128 | 4 | 21,126 | 8 | 3,665 | 10 | 5,614 | 9 | 5,088 | 9 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 437 | 2 | 7,861 | 3 | 3,576 | 10 | 3,820 | 6 | 4,307 | 8 |
| Acinetobacter spp. | 111 | 0 | 2,680 | 1 | 399 | 1 | 1,025 | 2 | 593 | 1 |
| Haemophilus influenza | 155 | 1 | 23 | 0 | 9,276 | 26 | 486 | 1 | 1,238 | 2 |
| Other non-fermenting bacteria c | 68 | 0 | 1,687 | 1 | 1,439 | 4 | 853 | 1 | 593 | 1 |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 692 | 3 | 20,771 | 8 | 83 | 0 | 2,988 | 5 | 1,033 | 2 |
| Enterococcus faecium | 587 | 2 | 2,562 | 1 | 102 | 0 | 1,515 | 2 | 413 | 1 |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 2,294 | 9 | 5,935 | 2 | 4,724 | 13 | 21,949 | 35 | 17,057 | 30 |
| Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus | 10,133 | 40 | 6,977 | 3 | 64 | 0 | 5,338 | 9 | 2,548 | 4 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 1,577 | 6 | 52 | 0 | 3,562 | 10 | 422 | 1 | 575 | 1 |
| Other Gram-positive bacteria d | 1,318 | 5 | 12,076 | 5 | 498 | 1 | 5,141 | 8 | 12,620 | 22 |
| Moraxella catarrhalis | 13 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2,678 | 8 | 155 | 0 | 272 | 0 |
| Sex of patient | ||||||||||
| Male | 13,932 | 56 | 84,702 | 33 | 20,440 | 57 | 33,251 | 54 | 23,244 | 41 |
| Female | 11,142 | 44 | 172,805 | 67 | 15,115 | 43 | 28,619 | 46 | 33,857 | 59 |
| Age category of patient | ||||||||||
| 0–4 years | 1,138 | 5 | 8,350 | 3 | 587 | 2 | 2,228 | 4 | 5,019 | 9 |
| 5–18 years | 352 | 1 | 13,264 | 5 | 813 | 2 | 2,316 | 4 | 5,350 | 9 |
| 19–64 years | 7,627 | 30 | 84,616 | 33 | 12,291 | 35 | 26,751 | 43 | 31,115 | 54 |
| > 65 years | 15,957 | 64 | 151,285 | 59 | 21,865 | 61 | 30,579 | 49 | 15,632 | 27 |
| Type of care | ||||||||||
| General practitioner | 50 | 0 | 156,956 | 61 | 2,503 | 7 | 8,326 | 13 | 18,913 | 33 |
| Outpatient departments | 0 | 0 | 50,739 | 20 | 11,897 | 33 | 24,065 | 39 | 19,984 | 35 |
| Inpatient departments (excl. intensive care units) | 22,215 | 89 | 48,061 | 19 | 16,074 | 45 | 26,919 | 44 | 14,614 | 26 |
| Intensive care units | 2,809 | 11 | 1,759 | 1 | 5,082 | 14 | 2,564 | 4 | 3,605 | 6 |
NA: not applicable.
Only the first diagnostic isolate per patient was included.
a Including sterile tissues.
b Morganella spp., Citrobacter spp., Serratia spp., Providencia spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp. (non-mirabilis), Klebsiella spp. (non-pneumoniae).
c Pseudomonas spp. (non-aeruginosa), Stenotrophomonas spp.
d Streptococcus spp. (non-pneumoniae).