Table 2.
Hormone, Demographic, and Psychological Measures by Randomized Treatment and Time of Initiation Relative to Menopause
| ET (n = 21) Mean ± SD | PL (n = 21) Mean ± SD | P Value | Early (n = 21) Mean ± SD | Late (n = 21) Mean ± SD | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salivary estradiol (pg/mL) | 48.9 ± 84.2 | 2.4 ± 1.6 | 0.015 | 31.0 ± 76.4 | 20.4 ± 48.4 | 0.59 |
| Salivary progesterone (pg/mL) | 41.5 ± 43.6 | 54.3 ± 140.2 | 0.69 | 34.5 ± 45.6 | 61.3 ± 138.6 | 0.41 |
| Age at menopause | 52 ± 4.3 | 51 ± 4.1 | 0.61 | 52.9 ± 3.5 | 50.2 ± 4.6 | 0.047 |
| Age at time of this study | 66 ± 7.5 | 65 ± 6.3 | 0.89 | 61.3 ± 4.2 | 70.6 ± 5.6 | <0.001 |
| Age at randomization in ELITE | 61 ± 7.5 | 60 ± 6.6 | 0.80 | 56.4 ± 4.3 | 65.9 ± 5.7 | <0.001 |
| Years of education | 17 ± 1.8 | 16 ± 2.1 | 0.10 | 17 ± 1.5 | 16 ± 2.4 | 0.10 |
| WTAR | 45 ± 5.0 | 42 ± 6.5 | 0.12 | 45 ± 5.7 | 43 ± 6.0 | 0.20 |
| Positive affect (PANAS) | ||||||
| Control session | 31.8 ± 5.3 | 36.1 ± 8.4 | 0.052 | 35.2 ± 8.4 | 32.8 ± 5.8 | 0.28 |
| CPT session | 31.9 ± 5.6 | 35.9 ± 8.4 | 0.08 | 35.0 ± 8.2 | 32.8 ± 6.3 | 0.35 |
| Negative affect (PANAS) | ||||||
| Control session | 11.0 ± 1.5 | 11.3 ± 2.4 | 0.55 | 11.1 ± 1.5 | 11.2 ± 2.4 | 0.88 |
| CPT session | 11.3 ± 1.7 | 11.2 ± 1.5 | 0.85 | 11.1 ± 1.7 | 11.3 ± 1.5 | 0.70 |
| Depression (CES-D) | ||||||
| Control session | 5.8 ± 8.6 | 7.1 ± 5.0 | 0.54 | 7.9 ± 8.8 | 5.0 ± 4.1 | 0.17 |
| CPT session | 9.1 ± 10.1 | 5.4 ± 3.6 | 0.12 | 9.1 ± 9.8 | 5.5 ± 4.2 | 0.13 |
| Subjective stress level today (1 = very low, 9 = very high) | ||||||
| Control session | 2.4 ± 1.6 | 2.9 ± 1.8 | 0.33 | 2.4 ± 1.4 | 2.9 ± 2.0 | 0.42 |
| CPT session | 2.6 ± 1.9 | 3.6 ± 2.2 | 0.14 | 3.0 ± 2.9 | 3.2 ± 2.1 | 0.77 |
Participants completed several questionnaires, including a health, demographics, and daily event form (e.g., amount of sleep the night before, time food or caffeine was last consumed, etc.); the Daily Stress Inventory (29); the Positive and Negative Affective Scale (30); the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (31); the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (32) as a measure of verbal intelligence; and subjective ratings for how stressed women felt at the beginning of each session.
Abbreviations: CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; early, early-initiation women (within 6 years of menopause); late, late-initiation women (beyond 10 years since menopause); PANAS, Positive and Negative Affective Scale; SD, standard deviation; WTAR, Wechsler Test of Adult Reading.