Table 1.

Abbreviations used in this manuscript.

Term	Abbreviation	Definition
Peak skin dose	PSD	The highest dose to a single area of the skin, units of Gy.
Fluoroscopically‐guided intervention	FGI	Any medical intervention using fluoroscopy for guidance.
Reference point air kerma	${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{a},\mathrm{r}}$	Cumulative air kerma at the interventional reference point, units of Gy.
Kerma area product	KAP	Product of air kerma and X‐ray field size, units of Gy‐cm2.
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine	DICOM	Standard for communication used by medical imaging equipment.
Interventional reference point	IRP	Point located 15 cm back towards the focal spot from the isocenter of a C‐arm fluoroscope( 3 ).
Source‐to‐image distance	SID	Distance from the focal spot to the center of the image receptor, units of mm.
Field of view	FOV	Size of the X‐ray field at the image receptor, units of cm.
Entrance skin air kerma	ESAK	Air kerma measured at the entrance surface of the patient, units of Gy.
Source‐to‐patient distance	SPD	Distance from the focal spot to the entrance surface of the patient, units of mm.
Backscatter factor	BSF	Factor that is applied to calculate entrance surface dose from the ESAK, accounts for the fact that many X‐rays of diagnostic energy are backscattered in tissue, unit‐less.
f‐factor	f	Factor used to convert exposure to dose in tissue, units of Gy/R. A similar, unit‐less quantity can be used to convert from air kerma to dose in tissue.
Digital acquisition series	DAS	A series of images generated using digital acquisition imaging.
Fluoroscopic reference point air kerma	${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{a},\mathrm{r}}(\mathrm{f})$	Total reference point air kerma resulting from fluoroscopic imaging, units of Gy.
Digital acquisition reference point air kerma	${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{a},\mathrm{r}}(\mathrm{d})$	Total reference point air kerma resulting from digital acquisition imaging, units of Gy.
Projected X‐ray field size on the skin	${\mathrm{A}}_{\text{skin}}$	The area of the projected X‐ray field at the entrance surface of the patient, units of cm2.