Cytotoxicity of light (A, D), MPPa (B, E) or DDP (C, F) on A549 and A549/DDP (A‒C), and SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP (D‒F) cells. Light or MPPa alone caused no cytotoxicity; DDP led to a less percentage of survival cells in A549/DDP or SKOV3/DDP, compared with A549 or SKOV3 cells. Data were mean ± standard deviation for 3 independent experiments.