Table 1.
Decoder name | Training method | Supervisory signal | Data segments used | Rationale for testing |
---|---|---|---|---|
Optimal force | Regression | Actual force | Entire dataset (continuous) | Provides an upper bound performance level for force prediction or control. |
Adaptive EMG | Gradient descent | Inferred EMG patterns | Target hold periods | Clinically applicable decoder. Provides muscle activation signals based only on motor intent without measuring EMG. |
Optimal target | Regression | Target force | Target hold periods | Comparison to Adaptive EMG decoder revealed little difference between regression and adaptation, or inferred EMG rather than measured force. |
Adaptive force | Gradient descent | Actual force | Target hold periods | Given the minimal effect of adaptation seen above, comparison to Optimal Force decoder revealed the large effect of using limited force training data. |