Risk of All-Cause, Cancer, and Cardiovascular Mortality Associated with Aspirin Use from the Combined Analysis of the NIH–AARP Diet and Health Study and the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial. Risks were adjusting for race (white, black, other), gender, smoking status (never, former, current), body mass index (BMI; <18.5, 18.5 to <25, 25 to<30, ≥30kg/m2), use of ibuprofen or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, history of coronary heart disease/heart attack or stroke, history of hypertension, history of arthritis, and for the PLCO-specific analysis, study entry date due to protocol changes (before April 15, 1995, on or after April 15, 1995).