Symbols represent parameter estimates and error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Unadjusted models include smoking and HIV status only. Demographics adjusted models include age, gender, and race. Fully adjusted models include demographics, hypertension, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body-mass index, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. TBR, target-to-background ratio; SUV, standardized uptake value.