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. 2017 Dec 6;8:1963. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02033-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Silencing L2–L5 interneurons altered the locomotor step sequence pattern. a–c Schematics of alternate and cruciate step sequence patterns (SSPs) as defined by footfall order (right panels, SSP illustrated as a series of circles interconnected with lines). SSPs are defined by the footfall order (does not measure the duration of swing–stance phases). d The alternate pattern predominates at control time points (Baseline: 83.0 ± 13.5%; Pre-DOX1: 82.3 ± 14.8%). d, e Silencing L2–L5 interneurons changed the pattern from alternate to cruciate (DOX1^ON-D8: 33.5 ± 30.4% alternate, 48.4 ± 29.8% cruciate as compared to 7.7 ± 8.9% and 11.4 ± 9.0% at Baseline and Pre-DOX1, respectively). f, g This was reversed by DOX removal and replicated 1 month later (circles = individual means; bars = group mean ± S.D.; n = 47–66 step sequence patterns/time point; data shown as percentage of total patterns observed) (*p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) post hoc t-tests). LHL left hindlimb, RHL right hindlimb, LFL left forelimb, RFL right forelimb. d Baseline vs. DOX1^ON-D8: p = 0.014, critical t = 0.41, df = 20; Pre-DOX1 vs. DOX1^ON-D8: p = 0.006; critical t = 0.51, df = 20). e Baseline vs. DOX1^ON-D8: p = 0.016; Pre-DOX1 vs. DOX1^ON-D8: p = 0.032; DOX1^ON-D8 vs. DOX^OFF: p = 0.048; each comparison with a critical t = 0.33, df = 25. f Pre-DOX2 & DOX2^ON-D3 vs. DOX2^ON-D5: p < 0.001; each with critical t = 0.2, df = 10. g Pre-DOX2 & DOX2^ON-D3 vs. DOX2^ON-D5: p < 0.001; each with critical t = 0.3, df = 10. Illustrations by A. Pocratsky