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. 2017 Dec 6;7:17082. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17357-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of NaF exposure on cumulus cell expansion and PBE rate in porcine oocytes. (a) COCs were cultured with 30, 60, 100, and 150 μg/ml NaF for 44 h. Cumulus cell expansion decreased after NaF exposure; COCs: scale bar = 200 μm; oocyte: scale bar = 50 μm. (b) Average CEI was calculated at 44 h for COCs in each experimental group. (c) PBE rate decreased significantly after NaF treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Statistically significant differences are indicated by asterisks (*p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01).