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. 2017 Dec 6;7:17047. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17270-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Vitamin K2 lowers mtROS and increases ATP production. (A) Confocal microscopy showed increased mtROS in Lymph gland of heix mutants, significantly reduced by VK2 treatment. DAPI stain (blue) and mitochondrial ROS staining (Mito-SOX) (red). (B) Confocal microscopy showed inhibition in ATP production in Lymph gland of heix mutants, significantly increased by VK2 treatment. DAPI stain (blue) and anti-ATP antibodies (ATP5A). Control media contain 50 mM Ethanol (EtOH) and treatment media contain 50 mM VK2. Means normalized to control (Canton S). Error bars indicate SEM. Analysis of variance (AVOVA/Dunnett: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001).