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. 2017 Dec 6;7:17056. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17316-y

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Reduction of N/P of PF14/pDNA allows neutralization of the surface charge and reduction of opsonization of the particles. (a) The average size and zeta potential of PF14/pDNA complexes at decreasing N/P was evaluated using DLS. (b) Membrane disturbing activities of PF14 peptide and PF14/pDNA complexes are assessed through the hemolysis assay, where the liberation of hemoglobin from mouse RBCs is used as a measure of “membrane activity”. Data is represented as hemolysis %, where 100% represents hemolysis of all cells (Triton X-100) and 0% represents treatment with a neutral solution (5% glucose). (c) Opsonization of the PF14/pDNA nanoparticles with FBS. The nanoparticles were incubated in serum, separated, and quantitated after SDS-PAGE. The nanoparticle-associated total protein amount is expressed in arbitrary units. The values are the means of two experiments.