Table 3. Antinociceptive Effects of Cannabinoids in Pre-Clinical Models of Chronic Inflammatory Pain.
| Pain model | Type | Treatment | Route | Species | Mechanical | Thermal | Pain receptor | Inflammation | Mechanism of action | Joint damage | Joint receptor | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CIA | CBD derivatives | CBD | i.p. & p.o. | Mouse | N/A | N/A | N/A | Decrease | N/A | Decrease | N/A | Malfait et al, 2000 |
| HU320 | i.p. | Mouse | N/A | N/A | N/A | Decrease | N/A | Decrease | N/A | Sumariwalla et al, 2004 | ||
| HU-444 | i.p. & p.o. | Mouse | N/A | N/A | N/A | Decrease | N/A | Decrease | N/A | Haj et al, 2015 | ||
| CB2 agonist | JWH133 | i.p. | Mouse | N/A | N/A | N/A | Decrease | N/A | Decrease | N/A | Fukuda et al, 2014 | |
| HU-308 | i.p. | Mouse | N/A | N/A | N/A | Decrease | N/A | Decrease | N/A | Gui et al, 2015 | ||
| FAAH inhibition | FAAH KO | N/A | Mouse | N/A | HP & Tail immersion | N/A | Decrease | CB2 | Decrease | CB2 | Kinsey et al, 2011b | |
| URB597 | i.p. | Mouse | N/A | HP & Tail immersion | CB1 | Decrease | N/A | Decrease | N/A | Kinsey et al, 2011b | ||
| JNJ1661010 | i.p. | Mouse | N/A | N/A | N/A | Decrease | N/A | N/A | N/A | Lowin et al, 2015 | ||
| AIA | Agonist | THC | i.p. & p.o. (swelling) | Rat | Pressure | N/A | CB1, CB2, & opioid | Decrease | N/A | N/A | N/A | Sofia et al, 1973 (swelling); Cox et al, 2007; Cox and Welch, 2004; Smith et al, 1998 |
| Ajulemic acid | p.o. | Rat | N/A | N/A | N/A | Decrease | N/A | Decrease | N/A | Zurier et al, 1998 | ||
| AEA | i.p. | Rat | Pressure | N/A | Non-CB1 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Smith et al, 1998 | ||
| CFA | Agonist | WIN55212-2 | s.c. | Mouse | von Frey | Plantar | CB1 & CB2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Anderson et al, 2014 |
| HU-210 | i.p. | Rat | von Frey | Plantar | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Jayamanne et al, 2006 | ||
| CB1 agonist | ACPA | i.pl. | Rat | Randall-Selitto | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Auh et al, 2016 | |
| CB2 agonist | A-796260 | i.p. | Rat | N/A | Plantar | CB2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yao et al, 2008 | |
| GW405833 | i.p. | Mouse & Rat | von Frey (M) & pressure (R) | N/A | CB2 | N/A | CB1 | N/A | N/A | Li et al, 2017; Valenzano et al, 2005; Whiteside et al, 2005 | ||
| A-836339 | i.p. | Rat | N/A | Plantar | CB2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Hsieh et al, 2011 | ||
| JWH015 | i.pl. | Mouse | von Frey | Plantar | CB2 & MOR | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Negrete et al, 2011 | ||
| AM1241 | i.p. | Rat | N/A | Plantar | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Hsieh et al, 2011 | ||
| FAAH inhibition | URB597 | i.p. | Rat | von Frey | Plantar | CB1 & CB2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Jayamanne et al, 2006 | |
| PF-3845 | p.o. | Rat | von Frey | N/A | CB1 & CB2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Ahn et al, 2009 | ||
| PF-04457845 | p.o. | Rat | von Frey | N/A | CB1 & CB2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Ahn et al, 2011 | ||
| URB-937 | p.o. | Mouse | Pressure | Plantar | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Sasso et al, 2012 | ||
| Multiple targets | AM404 | s.c. | Rat | Randall-Selitto | Plantar | CB1 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | La Rana et al, 2008 | |
| CB1 + MOR agonist | ACPA + DAMGO | i.pl. | Rat | Randall-Selitto; attenuate by antagonistic | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Auh et al, 2016 | |
| CB2 agonist + T-type channel inhibition | NMP-181 | i.p. & i.t. | Mouse | DPA | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Gadotti et al, 2013 | |
| CB2 agonist + T-type channel inhibition | NMP-181 | i.p. & i.t. | Mouse | DPA | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Gadotti et al, 2013 | |
| FAAH & MAGL inhibition | JZL195 | s.c. | Mouse | von Frey | Plantar | CB1 & CB2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Anderson et al, 2014 |
Abbreviations: AAIA, adjuvant-induced arthritis; HP, hot plate; i.p., intraperitoneal; i.pl., intraplantar; i.t., intrathecal; p.o., given via gavage; MOR, μ-opioid receptor; N/A, not assessed; s.c., subcutaneous.