Table 2. Applications of endoscopic ultrasonography in cholangitis.

Type of cholangitis	EUS approach	Number of patients	Specific diagnostic findings	Reference, year
IAC	Transabdominal ultrasonography	2	Bile duct thickening	Kobori et al.,80 2016
PSC and IAC	IDUS	15 patients with PSC and 35 patients with IAC	Irregular inner margin, diverticulum-like outpouching, disappearance of three layers are specific for PSC	Naitoh et al.,78 2015
AC	Radial EUS	28	Diffuse and/or concentric wall thickening (more than 1.5 mm), and intraductal heterogeneous echogenicity without acoustic shadowing are suggestive for AC	Alper et al.,77 2011
IAC	Transpapillary IDUS	23	Bile duct wall thickness more than 0.8 mm in regions of non-stricture is highly suggestive of IAC	Naitoh et al.,79 2009
AIDS-related sclerosing cholangitis	Simple	50	EUS findings are highly correlated with ERCP findings	Daly et al.,83 1996

Abbreviations: AC; acute cholangitis; AIDS, autoimmune deficiency syndrome; EUS, endoscopic ultrasonography; ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography; IAC, IgG4-associated cholangitis; IDUS, intraductal ultrasonography; PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis.