Table 3. Surgical interventions in cholangitis.

Cholangitis type	Number of patients, period and country of origin, sex, median age	Surgical procedures	Complications	Ref
Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis	94, 2007–2016 India, 66 women and 28 men, median age 40 years	Drainage procedure (HJ) (53%), left hepatectomy (19%), left lateral segmentectomy (14%), right hepatectomy (4%), right posterior sectorectomy (1%), left hepatectomy + HJ 5%, left lateral segmentectomy + HJ (2%), Right hepatectomy + HJ (1%)	Surgery-related complications in 32/94 patents, mild wound infection (9), severe wound infection (10), postoperative bile leak (6), postoperative hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion (1), chest infection (2), acute cholangitis (2), acute renal failure (1), sepsis (1)	102
Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis	80, 2001–2010 Hong Kong, 45 women and 35 men, median age 60 years	Hepaticocutaneousjejunostomy (100%), left lateral sectionectomy (19/80), left hepatectomy (11/80), right hepatectomy (5/80), right posterior hepatectomy (2/80), segment VIII resection (1/80)	23/80 (28.8%) residual stones, 31.3% recurrent stones, wound infection (9), postoperative ileus (1), intra-abdominal collection requiring drainage (1), bile leak (1), incisional hernia (2)	109
Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis	85, 1995–2008 China, 50 women and 35 men, median age 61 years	Hepatectomy (65.9%), left hepatectomy (15.3%), left lateral sectionectomy (47.1%), right hepatectomy (2.4%), right posterior sectionectomy (1.2%), hepatectomy + drainage procedure (9.4%), left hepatectomy + HJ (2.4%), left lateral sectionectomy + HJ (4.7%), left lateral sectionectomy + sphincteroplasty (1.2%), right hepatectomy + HJ (1.2%), drainage procedure (14.1%), hepaticojejunostomy (7.1), transduodenal sphincteroplasty (1.2%), T-tube drainage (5.9%), percutaneous choledochoscopy (10.6%)	Wound infection (50%), intra-abdominal collection (21.7%), pleural effusion (6.5%), bile leak (4.3%), atrial fibrillation (4.3%), wound dehiscence (2.2%), incisional hernia (2.2%), others (8.7%)	103
Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis	27, 1986–2005 USA, 15 women and 12 men, median age 54.3 years	Liver resection+ choledochojejunostomy with Hutson access loop (11/27), liver resection only (6/27), common bile duct exploration (10/27)	Wound infection (3), deep venous thrombosis (1), perihepatic hematoma (1), perihepatic abscess (3), hepatic insufficiency (1)	110

Abbreviation: HJ, hepaticojejunostomy.