Table 1.

Baseline characteristics stratified by exercise status

Variables	Exercise		P value*	Variables	Exercise		P value*
	No (n=4644)	Yes (n=2857)			No (n=4644)	Yes (n=2857)
Dementia			0.003	Diabetes			<0.001
No	4560	2830		No	4581	2782
Yes	84	27		Yes	63	75
Age group (years)			<0.001	Stroke or cerebrovascular disease			0.016
65~	1400	981		No	4474	2720
75~	1325	905		Yes	170	137
85~	1132	688		ADL disability			<0.001
95~	787	283		No	3754	2521
Gender			<0.001	Yes	890	336
Male	1818	1588		Current smoker			0.026
Female	2826	1269		No	3693	2210
Residence			<0.001	Yes	951	647
Urban	1647	1707		Current drinker			<0.001
Rural	2997	1150		No	3676	2103
Living arrangement			<0.001	Yes	968	754
Not alone	3921	2535		Social activity			<0.001
Alone	723	322		No	4390	2362
Education			<0.001	Yes	254	495
Illiteracy	3029	1243		Gardening			<0.001
Primary	1306	1050		No	4145	1960
Postprimary	309	564		Yes	499	897
Occupation			<0.001	Playing card/mah-jong			<0.001
Farmer	3136	1245		No	3848	2048
Non-farmer	1508	1612		Yes	795	808
Hypertension			0.008	Listening to radio/watching TV			<0.001
No	4026	2414		No	1577	456
Yes	618	443		Yes	3067	2401

*P value for χ² test.

ADL, activities of daily life; TV, television.