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. 2017 Dec 7;7:17156. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16009-w

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Comparison of expression profiles from different trophoblast cellular systems. (a) Cdx2 over-expression in ES cells induces trophoblast differentiation. The plot depicts gene expression changes of selected genes (average in three inducible Cdx2 over-expressing ES clones) during the differentiation time course. (b) A t-SNE plot to compare gene RPKM values in the 64-cell stage embryo TE cells and the ICM cells. Examples of TE specific markers and ICM enriched genes are showed in violin plot. (c) Comparison of TE specific gene list (from 64-cell stage embryo scRNA-Seq data), TS specific gene list (from microarray profiles of TS cells compared to ES cells, Kidder and Palmer, 2010) and Cdx2 OE upregulated gene list (from microarray profiles of Day 6 Cdx2 over-expression compared to Day 0 un-induced ES cells). (d) Gene expression heatmap comparing lineage-specific and shared markers in different trophoblast systems.