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. 2017 Dec 7;7:17190. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17225-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Conclusive schematic of the sex-related pharmacokinetics of metapristone and the related mechanisms. Rat blood samples were obtained after metapristone administration, and analyzed by using the validated LC/MS/MS method. The analysis revealed that metapristone metabolized by liver microsomes was slower in females than in males probably because of lower activities of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in females (left panel). The corrected clearance (CL/F, representing the renal clearance) of metapristone (p.o. and i.v.) from the body was significantly slower in females than in males (right panel; the data were extracted from Table 1). As a result, plasma concentrations of metapristone in female rats were higher in males.