Table 4.
Risk factors for epilepsy among adults (aged ≥ 18 years) in Iganga/Mayuge HDSS
| Adults with no ACE | Adults with ACE | Unadjusted | Adjusted (age, sex, maternal education) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (n/N) | % (n/N) | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Seizures in the family | 10.8 (9/83) | 33.3 (19/57) | 4.11 (1.69,9.95) | 0.002 | 4.38 (1.77,10.81) | 0.001 |
| Maternal seizures | 0.0 (0/84) | 1.7 (1/57) | 1 | NA | NA | NA |
| Abnormal delivery | 2.4 (2/83) | 1.8 (1/56) | 0.74 (0.06,8.32) | 0.80 | 0.79 (0.07,9.17) | 0.852 |
| Home delivery | 43.3 (42/97) | 35.9 (23/64) | 0.71 (0.36,1.41) | 0.332 | 0.59 (0.28,1.23) | 0.160 |
| Problems after birth | 0.0 (0/79) | 7.8 (4/51) | 1 | NA | NA | NA |
| Head injury | 1.2 (1/81) | 8.8 (5/57) | 7.84 (0.89,69.07) | 0.064 | 8.12 (0.90, 73.19) | 0.06 |
| Drinks alcohol | 11.4 (8/70) | 16.0 (8/50) | 1.48 (0.50,4.14) | 0.469 | 1.29 (0.40,4.13) | 0.666 |
| Eats cassava | 92.8 (77/83) | 100.0 (57/57) | 1 | NA | NA | |
| Eats pork | 12.9 (9/70) | 21.1 (11/52) | 1.82 (0.69,4.78) | 0.225 | 1.79 (0.66,4.84) | 0.248 |
| Uses drugs | 25.3 (21/83) | 20.7 (12/58) | 0.77 (0.34,1.72) | 0.525 | 0.79 (0.35,1.81) | 0.591 |
| Hypertension | 1.2 (1/83) | 1.7 (1/58) | 1.44 (0.09,23.48) | 0.799 | 1.99 (0.10,39.49) | 0.650 |
| Stroke | 0.0 (0/83) | 1.7 (1/58) | 1 | NA | NA | NA |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.0 (0/83) | 0.0 (0/58) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Malnourished | 16.7 (14/84) | 24.6 (14/57) | 1.63 (0.71,3.74) | 0.251 | 1.54 (0.65,3.60) | 0.321 |
| Dogs in household | 13.4 (11/82) | 10.3 (6/58) | 0.74 (0.26,2.14) | 0.585 | 0.75 (0.26,2.19) | 0.606 |
| Cats in household | 2.4 (2/82) | 1.7 (1/58) | 0.70 (0.06,7.93) | 0.775 | 0.92 (0.08,10.66) | 0.948 |
| Malaria IgG + ve (schizont) | 100.0 (73/73) | 100.0 (38/38) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Hospitalized with malaria/fever | 4.0 (4/100) | 7.7 (5/65) | 2.00 (0.52,7.74) | 0.316 | 2.28 (0.57,9.14) | 0.244 |
| Toxocara canis IgG4 + ve | 35.6 (26/73) | 44.7 (17/38) | 1.46 (0.66,3.25) | 0.350 | 1.37 (0.60,3.10) | 0.450 |
| Toxoplasma gondii IgG + ve | 39.7 (29/73) | 36.8 (14/38) | 0.88 (0.39,1.99) | 0.767 | 0.86 (0.38,1.97) | 0.728 |
| Taenia solium + ve | 0.0 (0/73) | 0.0 (0/38) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Onchocerca volvulus + ve | 8.2 (6/73) | 5.3 (2/38) | 0.62 (0.11,3.23) | 0.571 | 0.63 (0.12,3.44) | 0.599 |
| HIV + ve | 2.7 (2/73) | 5.3 (2/38) | 1.97 (0.27,14.58) | 0.506 | 1.25 (0.15,10.44) | 0.834 |
ACE, active convulsive epilepsy; CI, confidence interval; IgG, immunoglobulin G; OR, odds ratio.