Table 2.
Univariable analysis of factors associated with nonadherence to antiepileptic drugs in childrena
| Factors | Adhering to medication n = 86 | Not adhering to medication n = 484 | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years): median (IQR) | 12.0 (8.25–14.23) | 11.0 (7.0–14.9) | 0.97 (0.92–1.01) | 0.20 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 43 (50.0%) | 222 (45.9%) | 0.85 (0.52–1.38) | 0.48 |
| Mother's religious affiliation | ||||
| Christianity | 52 (69.3%) | 278 (67.0%) | 1 | |
| Islam | 16 (21.3%) | 110 (26.5%) | 1.29 (0.69–2.52) | 0.41 |
| Traditionalist | 7 (9.3%) | 27 (6.5%) | 0.72 (0.29–2.07) | 0.47 |
| Mother's marital status | ||||
| Married | 65 (75.6%) | 375 (77.5%) | 1 | |
| Single/separated/divorced/widowed | 21 (24.4%) | 109 (22.5%) | 0.90 (0.52–1.62) | 0.70 |
| Mother's education level | ||||
| Postprimary | 6 (16.2%) | 47 (21.1%) | 1 | |
| ≤Primary school | 31 (83.8%) | 176 (78.9%) | 0.70 (0.23–1.91) | 0.50 |
| Mother's occupation | ||||
| Employed | 5(10.9%) | 33 (12.8%) | 1 | |
| Unemployed | 41 (89.1%) | 224 (87.2%) | 0.83 (0.24–2.31) | 0.71 |
| Father's education level | ||||
| Postprimary | 14 (29.2%) | 77 (28.8%) | 1 | |
| ≤Primary school level | 34 (70.8%) | 190 (71.2%) | 1.02 (0.48–2.07) | 0.96 |
| Father's occupation | ||||
| Employed | 12 (27.3%) | 86 (29.0%) | 1 | |
| Unemployed | 32 (72.7%) | 211 (71.0%) | 0.92 (0.41–1.94) | 0.82 |
| Mother's age at first birth | ||||
| ≥18 years | 38 (65.5%) | 201 (57.4%) | 1 | |
| <18 years | 20 (34.5%) | 149 (42.6%) | 1.41 (0.76–2.66) | 0.25 |
| Sibling has seizures | ||||
| No | 12 (14.0%) | 52 (10.7%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 74 (86.0%) | 432 (89.3%) | 1.35 (0.62–2.71) | 0.39 |
| Snores more than 3 days per week | ||||
| No | 36 (45.0%) | 206 (44.0%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 44 (55.0%) | 262 (56.0%) | 1.04 (0.63–1.72) | 0.87 |
| Place of birth: home | ||||
| No | 30 (35.3%) | 174 (36.4%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 55 (64.7%) | 304 (63.6%) | 0.95 (0.57–1.58) | 0.84 |
| Burn marks | ||||
| No | 73 (85.9%) | 436 (90.1%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 12 (14.1%) | 48 (9.9%) | 0.67 (0.33–1.45) | 0.24 |
| Sought traditional medicine | ||||
| No | 21(26.9%) | 140 (31.7%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 57(73.1%) | 302 (68.3%) | 0.79 (0.44–1.39) | 0.40 |
| Previous hospitalization | ||||
| No | 34 (40.0) | 267 (55.5%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 51(60.0%) | 214 (44.5%) | 0.53 (0.32–0.88) | 0.008 |
| Learning difficulties | ||||
| No | 59 (69.4%) | 402 (83.1%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 26 (30.6%) | 82 (16.9%) | 0.46 (0.27>–0.81) | 0.003 |
| Neurological deficits | ||||
| No | 74 (87.1%) | 410 (86.8%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 11 (12.9%) | 64 (13.2%) | 1.05 (0.52–2.31) | 0.89 |
| Frequent seizures | ||||
| No | 70 (81.4%) | 416 (86.1%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 16 (18.6%) | 67 (13.9%) | 0.70 (0.38–1.38) | 0.25 |
| Focal seizures | ||||
| No | 43 (50.0%) | 259 (53.5%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 43 (50.0%) | 225 (46.5%) | 0.87 (0.53–1.41) | 0.55 |
| Status epilepticus | ||||
| No | 59 (73.8%) | 304 (68.6%) | 1 | |
| Yes | 21 (26.2%) | 139 (31.4%) | 1.28 (0.73–2.32) | 0.36 |
CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range.
a
Nonadherence to antiepileptic drugs was evaluated on the basis of optimal drug levels in the blood.