Table 4.

Relationships between sociodemographic characteristics and WHOQOL-BREF domains (score < 50)—crude odds ratios.

	Physical Health		Psychological health		Social relationships		Environmental health
Variable	OR (95% CI)	p Value	OR (95% CI)	p Value	OR (95% CI)	p Value	OR (95% CI)	p Value
Gender
Male	1		1		1		1
Female	1.89 (1.26–2.83)	0.002	1.97 (1.31–2.98)	0.001	0.92 (0.47–1.79)	0.802	0.85 (0.53–1.37)	0.504
Age in years
65–75	1		1		1		1
76–85	1.05 (0.64–1.72)	0.860	1.35 (0.80–2.26)	0.256	1.59 (0.64–3.96)	0.319	1.10 (0.54–2.40)	0.784
>85	1.28 (0.78–2.09)	0.325	1.47 (0.88–2.46)	0.137	0.85 (0.33–2.22)	0.746	1.35 (0.67–2.70)	0.400
Years living in the NH
≤1	1		1		1		1
2–5	0.67 (0.46–0.96)	0.027	0.81 (0.56–1.17)	0.253	0.84 (0.45–1.58)	0.592	0.97 (0.58–1.61)	0.592
>5	0.75 (0.52–1.08)	0.123	0.96 (0.66–1.38)	0.806	0.55 (0.28–1.08)	0.079	0.98 (0.59–1.62)	0.923
Years of educationa
≤4 years	1		1		1		1
>4 years	0.65 (0.47–0.90)	0.011	0.73 (0.52–1.01)	0.067	0.93 (0.53–1.64)	0.806	0.70 (0.44–1.09)	0.116
Marital status
Single	1		1		1		1
Married	1.25 (0.72–2.18)	0.423	1.04 (0.62–1.77)	0.878	1.22 (0.48–3.10)	0.674	1.72 (0.83–3.58)	0.674
Divorced	1.90 (1.02–3.55)	0.044	0.94 (0.49–1.80)	0.863	1.93 (0.75–4.97)	0.175	2.18 (0.95–4.97)	0.065
Widower	1.92 (1.23–2.92)	0.003	1.30 (0.87–1.94)	0.199	0.99 (0.49–2.06)	0.998	1.59 (0.87–2.88)	0.129
Cognitive impairment
No	1		1		1		1
Yes	1.28 (0.95–1.73)	0.103	1.35 (1.00–1.83)	0.048	2.05 (1.20–3.52)	0.009	2.44 (1.62–3.68)	<0.001
Depressionb
No	1		1		1		1
Yes	7.12 (4.89–10.36)	<0.001	23.41 (13.55–40.5)	<0.001	2.99 (1.63–5.50)	<0.001	6.19 (3.61–10.61)	<0.001

NH: nursing home; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; WHOQOL-BREF: World Health Organization quality of life-BREF.

^aYears of completed education.

^bIndicative or suggestive of depression.