Table 6.

Relationships between respiratory symptoms, diseases, and WHOQOL-BREF domains (score < 50): odds ratios after adjusting for confounding.

	Physical health		Psychological health		Social relationships		Environmental health
Variable	OR (95% CI)	p Value	OR (95% CI)	p Value	OR (95% CI)	p Value	OR (95% CI)	p Value
Frequent cough
No	1		1		1		1
Yes	1.39 (0.93–2.07)	0.108	1.43 (0.95–2.91)	0.087	1.19 (0.64–2.22)	0.578	1.38 (0.83–2.31)	0.214
Chronic bronchitis
No	1		1		1		1
Yes	1.27 (0.61–2.67)	0.523	0.89 (0.43–1.86)	0.763	0.67 (0.15–2.97)	0.597	2.89 (1.34–6.23)	0.007
Wheezing 12 months
No	1		1		1		1
Yes	2.03 (1.25–3.31)	0.004	1.37 (0.83–2.29)	0.219	0.84 (0.36–1.96)	0.840	0.79 (0.40–1.57)	0.499
Asthma
No	1		1		1		1
Yes	1.95 (1.12–3.38)	0.018	0.82 (0.46–1.47)	0.501	1.33 (0.56–3.14)	0.522	1.08 (0.52–2.34)	0.831
Emphysema
No	1		1		1		1
Yes	1.07 (0.35–3.25)	0.903	2.00 (0.64–6.32)	0.235	2.32 (0.61–8.82)	0.217	3.89 (1.27–11.88)	0.017
Tuberculosis
No	1		1		1		1
Yes	1.29 (0.63–2.65)	0.494	1.29 (0.62–2.68)	0.503	0.51 (0.12–2.23)	0.374	0.85 (0.31–2.30)	0.742
Allergic rhinitis
No	1		1		1		1
Yes	1.23 (0.77–1.96)	0.395	1.11 (0.68–1.80)	0.684	0.84 (0.38–1.87)	0.669	1.23 (0.66–2.29)	0.522

OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; WHOQOL-BREF: World Health Organization quality of life-BREF.