Table 2.

Mean utilities derived from the VAS scores and the associated mean QALYs.^a

	Number of patients		Mean quantity (SE)		Mean treatment difference (95% CI)
	Usual care	SPACE	Usual care	SPACE
Baseline	88	82	64.3 (1.71)	66.9 (1.87)	−2.20 (−7.19 to 2.80)
6 months	81	68	65.0 (2.02)	66.2 (2.26)	−1.16 (−7.14 to 4.82)
Change 0-6 months	76	65	0.18 (1.96)	−2.68 (1.82)	2.86 (−2.49 to 8.22)
QALYs	76	65	64.58 (1.75)	67.6 (1.98)	−3.05 (−8.25 to 2.14)

QALY: quality-adjusted life year; VAS: visual analogue scale; SPACE: self-management programme of activity, coping and education; CI: confidence interval.

^aQALYs, estimated by the area-under-the-curve for individual patients.