Table 2. Risk of chronic dialysis, dialysis or death, and hyperkalemia associated hospitalization in pre-dialysis stage 5 CKD subjects using ACEI/ARB treatment.

	Subjects	Incidence rate (per 100 person-years)				Adjusted HR (95% CI)
ACEI/ARB		Dialysis	Death	Dialysis or death	Hyper-kalemia	Dialysis	Death	Dialysis or death	Hyperkalemia
All
ARB only	8,203	72.5	17.6	90.1	0.42	1.0 (ref.)	1.0 (ref.)	1.0 (ref.)	1.0 (ref.)
ACEI only	3,810	63.8	21.5	85.3	0.30	0.96 (0.92–1.01)	1.17 (1.07–1.27) *	1.01(0.96–1.04)	0.76 (0.52–1.10)
ACEI /ARB	1,095	75.9	21.6	97.5	0.47	1.02 (0.94–1.10)	1.10 (0.95–1.27)	1.03 (0.97–1.10)	0.96 (0.57–1.64)
ACEI and ARB	1,009	71.1	32.4	103.5	0.68	0.95 (0.87–1.04)	1.49 (1.30–1.71) **	1.07 (0.99–1.15)	1.41 (0.84–2.35)
With DM
ARB only	4,826	84.2	20.4	104.6	0.63	1.0 (ref.)	1.0 (ref.)	1.0 (ref.)	1.0 (ref.)
ACEI only	2,000	73.1	29.5	102.6	0.46	0.96 (0.90–1.02)	1.32 (1.18–1.48) *	1.03 (0.98–1.09)	0.74 (0.47–1.14)
ACEI /ARB	673	86.8	26.8	113.6	0.54	1.02 (0.93–1.13)	1.17 (0.98–1.40)	1.05 (0.96–1.14)	0.76 (0.39–1.48)
ACEI and ARB	649	81.4	40.2	121.6	0.81	0.96 (0.86–1.07)	1.58 (1.34–1.86) **	1.10 (1.01–1.2) *	1.13 (0.61–2.09)
Without DM
ARB only	3,377	60.9	14.8	75.7	0.19	1.0 (ref.)	1.0 (ref.)	1.0 (ref.)	1.0 (ref.)
ACEI only	1,810	56.7	15.6	72.3	0.18	0.96 (0.90–1.03)	0.99 (0.86–1.13)	0.97 (0.91–1.03)	0.79 (0.39–1.58)
ACEI /ARB	422	63.9	15.9	79.8	0.38	1.01 (0.90–1.14)	1.02 (0.80–1.30)	1.01 (0.91–1.13)	1.77 (0.70–4.44)
ACEI and ARB	360	47.9	18.7	66.6	0.51	0.95 (0.82–1.09)	1.46 (1.16–1.85) *	1.06 (0.94–1.19)	2.74 (1.05–7.15) +

⁺p value = 0.04,

*p value = 0.03,

** p value = 0.02,

IR: incidence rate, per 100 person-years.

Multivariate analysis was adjusted for variables as listed in Table 1, ref.: reference