Table 4.

Association between urinary calcium excretion and risk of being a fast progressor in 6531 subjects of the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease (PREVEND) study

Outcome	Continuous urinary calcium excretion, per 1 mmol/24 h increment	Ptrend lineara	Sex-specific quintiles of urinary calcium excretion, mmol/24 h
			♂ <2.57	2.57–3.60	3.61–4.58	4.59–5.84	>5.84
			♀ <2.12	2.12–3.05	3.05–3.99	3.99–5.17	>5.17
N	6531		1304	1309	1307	1305	1306
Risk of being a fast progressor
Number of fast progressors	1306		307	281	228	251	239
Crude model	0.95 (0.92, 0.98)	0.001	1.46 (1.20, 1.77)	1.29 (1.07, 1.57)	1.00 (ref)	1.13 (0.92, 1.37)	1.06 (0.87, 1.30)
Model 1b	0.92 (0.89, 0.96)	<0.001	1.42 (1.15, 1.75)	1.37 (1.11, 1.69)	1.00 (ref)	1.12 (0.90, 1.38)	0.89 (0.72, 1.11)
Model 2c	0.92 (0.89, 0.96)	<0.001	1.38 (1.11, 1.71)	1.38 (1.11, 1.70)	1.00 (ref)	1.11 (0.89, 1.38)	0.87 (0.70, 1.09)
Model 3d	0.94 (0.89, 0.98)	0.01	1.39 (1.05, 1.83)	1.40 (1.07, 1.83)	1.00 (ref)	1.14 (0.86, 1.51)	0.92 (0.69, 1.22)
Model 4e	0.92 (0.87, 0.97)	0.003	1.43 (1.07, 1.91)	1.42 (1.08, 1.86)	1.00 (ref)	1.12 (0.84, 1.48)	0.86 (0.64, 1.16)

Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were derived from logistic regression models.

CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; PTH, parathyroid hormone; UAE, urinary albumin excretion.

^aDerived from a logistic regression model by using urinary calcium excretion as a continuous term.

^bModel 1: Adjusted for age, sex, height, weight, race, baseline eGFR, and baseline lnUAE.

^cModel 2: Model 1 + smoking, alcohol, hypertension, diabetes, parental history of CKD, and hypercholesterolemia.

^dModel 3: Model 2 + plasma magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, PTH and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, albumin, and use of loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, calcium supplements, vitamin D supplements, and bisphosphonates.

^eModel 4: Model 3 + urinary sodium, potassium, urea, and magnesium excretion.