Skip to main content
. 2016 Sep 20;2(1):94–107. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2016.09.005

Table 2.

Recent studies evaluating prevalence and outcomes of depression in CKD

First author, year, ref Sample characteristics Measurement tool for depression Depression prevalence Follow-up Outcomes of depression
Hedayati, 201022 267 Patients with stage 2–5 CKD DSM-IV interview
(MDE diagnosis)		 21% 1 yr
  • -

    Composite of death, hospitalization, or ESRD: HR = 1.86

  • -

    Hospitalization: HR = 1.90

  • -

    ESRD: HR 3.51
Fischer, 20117 628 Patients with stage 2–4 CKD BDI-II score > 14 or ≥11 26 or 42% 5 yr
  • -

    Composite of CV death or hospitalization
Kop, 201119 5785 Patients, average GFR 78 CES-D ≥ 8 21.2% 14 yr
  • -

    AKI
Cukor, 20124 70 Patients with stage 1–4 CKD BDI-II score ≥14 30% 6 mo
  • -

    Worse QOL, social support, community integration

  • -

    Greater decline in GFR
Fischer, 201220 3853 Patients with stage 2–4 CKD BDI-II score ≥ 11 27.4% None
Tsai, 20126 428 Patients with stage 3–5 CKD BDI-II score ≥ 11 37% 4 yr
  • -

    Composite of ESRD or death: HR = 1.66

  • -

    First hospitalization: HR = 1.59

  • -

    Faster GFR decline

  • -

    Initial dialysis at a higher GFR
Lee, 20135 208 Patients with stage 3–5 CKD HADS-D ≥ 8 47.1% None
  • -

    Worse QOL
Chiang, 201523 262 Patients (60.3% stage 4 and above) Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire 21% 3 yr
  • -

    Composite of dialysis or death: HR = 2.95

  • -

    ESRD: HR = 2.25

  • -

    Mortality: HR 3.08

AKI, acute kidney injury; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CESD, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DSM IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HADS-D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale−depression subscale; HR, hazard ratio; MDE, major depressive episode; QOL, quality of life; ref, reference.