Figure 2. PPARG or PPARD expression is necessary and sufficient for mutant RXRA activity.
A) PPAR RNA expression in RXRA hot-spot mutant clinical samples from the TCGA dataset. Whisker plot shows 25th, median, and 75th percentile. (B) Data from panel A plotted per patient with hot-spot mutation. (C) Effects of siRNA-mediated knock-down of PPARD and PPARG in JMSU-1 and 575A cell lines on two target genes (PLIN2 and FABP3) up-regulated by mutant RXRA. Data by RT-qPCR in triplicate ±SD and indicated comparisons by Student’s t-test. (D) DR1 luciferase reporter activity in UM-UC-3 cells transfected with RXRA ±PPARD or PPARG. Cells were treated with 1 µM of the PPARG agonist pioglitazone or the PPARD agonist GW0742 for 16 hr. Data represents mean ±SEM of Firefly to Renilla luciferase signal from three independent experiments done on different days, each performed using triplicate cell wells. Statistical comparisons are by paired t-test.