Table 1.
Demographic, Clinical, and Biochemical Characteristics of the Study Groups
| Variables | Controls | LC | Early HCC | Late HCC |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
| Age | ||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 53.8 ± 6.6 | 54.9 ± 7.2 | 55.2 ± 5.8 | 48.2 ± 8.3 |
| Age groups (y) | ||||
| <55 y | 36 (60) | 30 (50) | 37 (61.7) | 57 (95) |
| ≥55 y | 24 (40) | 30 (50) | 23 (38.3) | 3 (5) |
| Gender | ||||
| Females | 24 (40) | 10 (16.7) | 8 (13.3) | 44 (73.3) |
| Males | 36 (60) | 50 (83.3) | 52 (86.7) | 16 (26.7) |
| CTP class | ||||
| Child A | ---- | ---- | 60 (100) | ---- |
| Child B | ---- | 16 (26.7) | ---- | ---- |
| Child C | ---- | 44 (73.3) | ---- | 60 (100) |
| Tumor stage | ||||
| Stage 0 | ---- | ---- | 20 (33.3) | ---- |
| Stage A | ---- | ---- | 40 (66.7) | ---- |
| Stage B | ---- | ---- | ---- | 8 (13.3) |
| Stage C | ---- | ---- | ---- | 20 (33.3) |
| Stage D | ---- | ---- | ---- | 32 (53.3) |
| Number of masses | ||||
| Solitary | ---- | ---- | 16 (26.7) | 4 (6.7) |
| Multiple | ---- | ---- | 44 (73.3) | 56 (93.3) |
| Lab investigations | ||||
| ALT (U/L) | 38.6 ± 4.9 | 77.3 ± 11.4 | 69.8 ± 13.4 | 70.4 ±10.8 |
| AST (U/L) | 37.3 ± 4.5 | 66.8 ± 16.8 | 75.8 ± 11.1 | 72.7 ±10.3 |
| ALP (U/L) | 124.9 ± 6.3 | 157.5 ± 27.3 | 123.1 ± 8.9 | 131.7 ±7.8 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.89 ± 0.9 | 2.33 ± 2.0 | 2.23 ± 5.7 | 8.22 ± 2.5 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 6.5 ± 0.2 | 4.26 ± 1.1 | 4.85 ± 1.4 | 1.31 ± 0.3 |
| PC (%) | 97.6 ± 3.4 | 57.8 ± 7.96 | 81.72 ± 9.1 | 51.73 ± 5.6 |
| PT (sec) | 11.4 ± 0.9 | 15.2 ± 2.0 | 12.7 ± 2.0 | 21.4 ± 2.8 |
| AFP (IU/ml) | 4.6 ± 2.5 | 80.0 ± 30.7 | 460.8 ± 194.1 | 1138 ± 1359 |
| HB (g/dL) | 12.08 ± 0.9 | 9.5 ± 1.3 | 10.16 ± 1.59 | 9.68 ± 1.4 |
| WBC (x109/L) | 5.86 ± 1.9 | 5.83 ± 1.9 | 3.37 ± 1.8 | 4.2 ± 2.2 |
| PLT (x109 /L) | 157.8 ± 27.8 | 91.26 ± 14.1 | 92.7 ± 12.5 | 85.6 ± 9.7 |
Data are shown as number (percentage) or mean ± SD); LC, liver cirrhosis; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma patients; CTP, Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification; BCLC, Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer staging system for HCC patients; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; PC, prothrombin concentration; PT, prothrombin time; AFP, alpha fetoprotein; HB, hemoglobin count; WBC, while blood cells; PLT, platelet count.