Table 1.

Definitions

Fluid bolus: a rapid infusion to correct hypotensive shock. It typically includes the infusion of at least 500 ml over a maximum of 15 min

Fluid challenge: 100–200 ml over 5–10 min with reassessment to optimize tissue perfusion

Fluid infusion: continuous delivery of i.v. fluids to maintain homeostasis, replace losses, or prevent organ injury (e.g., prehydration before operation to prevent intraoperative hypotension or for contrast nephropathy)

Maintenance: fluid administration for the provision of fluids for patients who cannot meet their needs by oral route. This should be titrated to patient need and context, and should include replacement of ongoing losses. In a patient without ongoing losses, this should probably be no more than 1–2 m/kg per hour

Daily fluid balance: daily sum of all intakes and outputs

Cumulative fluid balance: sum total of fluid accumulation over a set period of time

Fluid overload: cumulative fluid balance expressed as a proportion of baseline body weight. A value of 10% is associated with adverse outcomes

Response: Achieving hemodynamic goal and/or improvement of UOP: >0.5 ml/kg per hour

Persistent AKI is characterized by the continuance of AKI by creatinine or urine output criteria (defined by KDIGO criteria) beyond 48 hours from onset.

Complete reversal of AKI by KDIGO criteria within 48 hours of the onset characterizes rapid reversal of AKI

AKD is defined as a condition wherein AKI Stage Ia or greater criteria is present 7 days (or more) after an exposure.a AKD that persists beyond 90 days is then considered CKD

AKD, acute kidney disease; AKI, acute kidney injury; CKD, chronic kidney disease; KDIGO, Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes; UOP, urinary output.

^aADQI 16 workgroup report.⁴