Table 3. Adjusted prevalence ratios of factors associated with known HIV infection (N=1000), high HIV risk perception (N=966) and HIV infection worry (N=944) among adolescent girls and young women in Lilongwe, Malawi.
| Risk Factor | Reported HIV Infection | HIV Risk Perception* | HIV Worry* |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Adjusted PR† (95% CI) | Adjusted PR† (95% CI) | Adjusted PR† (95% CI) | |
|
| |||
| Completed primary school | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Did not complete primary school | 1.88 (0.92,3.83) | 1.68 (1.23,2.29) | 1.05 (0.78,1.41) |
|
| |||
| Running water | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No running water | 3.10 (1.26,7.63) | 1.82 (1.35,2.45) | 1.01 (0.78,1.32) |
|
| |||
| >2 assets | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≤2 assets | 1.79 (0.88,3.67) | 1.55 (1.16,2.07) | 0.98 (0.75,1.29) |
|
| |||
| One or both parents alive | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Both parents deceased | 2.21 (0.91,5.41) | 0.92 (0.54,1.57) | 0.49 (0.30,0.79) |
|
| |||
| <3 sexual partners in past year | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥3 sexual partners in past year | 3.49 (1.35,9.02) | 1.58 (0.88,2.84) | 1.92 (0.98,3.75) |
|
| |||
| Not heavy alcohol use | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Heavy alcohol use | 5.80 (2.40,14.02) | 1.06 (0.53,2.11) | 1.85 (0.89,3.84) |
|
| |||
| No STI symptoms in past 6 months | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| STI symptoms in past 6 months | 1.66 (0.80,3.46) | 0.94 (0.67,1.31) | 1.34 (0.98,1.83) |
|
| |||
| Never pregnant | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Ever pregnant | 2.97 (1.16,7.61) | 1.77 (1.27,2.47) | 1.23 (0.90,1.68) |
|
| |||
| Partner slept <3 nights away | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Partner slept ≥3 nights away‡ | 7.00 (1.37,35.78) | 2.48 (1.34,4.61) | 2.87 (1.43,5.77) |
|
| |||
| No transactional sex | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Transactional sex | 2.26 (1.10,4.67) | 1.92 (1.37,2.67) | 1.36 (0.98,1.91) |
|
| |||
| Partner circumcised | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Partner uncircumcised | 2.40 (1.00,5.80) | 1.13 (0.83,1.53) | 1.07 (0.81,1.42) |
|
| |||
| Partner has no other partners | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Partner has ≥1 other partners/Unknown | 8.27 (2.48,27.60) | 2.33 (1.72,3.15) | 1.98 (1.50,2.60) |
|
| |||
| Partner <10 years older | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Partner ≥10 years older | 2.20 (0.84,5.77) | 2.03 (1.17,3.52) | 2.96 (1.42,6.16) |
|
| |||
| No known HIV+ Partner | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Partner HIV+ | 51.70 (10.78,248.01) | --§ | 1.35 (0.12,15.14) |
PR = prevalence ratio; STI = sexually transmitted infection
Analyses only completed among the 967 respondents who did not report known HIV infection. Missing HIV risk perception responses N=1; missing HIV worry responses N=23
All PRs adjusted for age
N=221, reflecting only cohabiting participants. For PR calculations, this variable was transformed into a 3-level variable: (1) not cohabiting; (2) cohabiting partner slept <3 nights away in the past year; (3) cohabiting partner slept ≥3 nights away in the past year and the reported PR reflects the ratio of the outcome variable between the latter two categories
PR could not be calculated given zero observations in one category (zero responses of “high risk perception” among 3 women who reported having a HIV-positive partner)