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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Public Health Dent. 2017 Jun 7;78(1):5–8. doi: 10.1111/jphd.12228

Table.

High school baseball players’ smokeless tobacco behavior and susceptibility, according to perceived ST use by their favorite professional baseball player

All participants (n = 360)
ST behavior
ST never-users (n = 250)
ST susceptibility
Do you think your favorite MLB player users dip or chewing tobacco? n Lifetime ST use Past-month ST use n Expectation PR (95% CI) Willingness PR (95% CI) Expectation and/or willingness PR (95% CI)



Definitely No 53 26% 9% 39 reference reference reference
Probably No 149 24% 7% 113 1.7 (0.8, 3.4) 1.6 (0.8, 3.2) 1.8 (1.0, 3.3)
Probably Yes 131 37% 19% 83 2.5 (1.1, 5.5) 1.8 (0.9, 3.6) 2.0 (1.1, 3.8)
Definitely Yes 27 44% 15% 15 3.3 (1.3, 8.2) 2.5 (1.0, 6.1) 2.5 (1.0, 5.8)

Prevalence ratios adjusted for grade in school, race/ethnicity, parental education, and intra-school clustering using generalized estimating equations.

Abbreviations: ST = smokeless tobacco (oral snuff and chewing tobacco); MLB = Major League Baseball; PR = prevalence ratio; CI = confidence interval