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. 2017 Nov 22;14(136):20170491. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0491

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© 2017 The Author(s)

Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.

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Figure 3. — Time lapse of the flapping filament over a period and time evolution of the tip displacement (inset) for different values of σ as obtained numerically: (a) σ = 40, (b) σ = 50. The transient required to reach the finite-amplitude periodic oscillations decreases, while the amplitude of the oscillations increases with σ. (c) Amplitude of the tip displacement as function of σ. At σ ≈ 37.5, the system becomes unstable and exhibits self-sustained oscillations. (d) Comparison between the frequency of oscillation of the filament for different values of σ obtained from the numerical simulations (red stars) and linear stability analysis (blue triangles).