Table 1.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY SUBJECTS
| Non‐NAFLD (n = 5) | NAFLD (n = 26) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 35.4 ± 9.1 | 45.0 ± 11.1 |
| Sex (males/females), n (%) | 4 (80)/1 (20) | 18 (69)/8 (31) |
| Body height (cm) | 168 ± 7.7 | 168 ± 10.6 |
| Body weight (kg) | 64.5 ± 11.5 | 85 ± 17.4* |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.1 ± 3.2 | 30.1 ± 5.3* |
| Intrahepatic lipid content (%) | 1.8 ± 1.9 | 20.7 ± 13.3† |
| Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) | 23.4 ± 8.0 | 59.3 ± 27.5† |
| NASH, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (11.5) |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.0 ± 0.9 | 6.6 ± 1.1 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 119.7 ± 28.9 | 127.0 ± 31.8 |
| Fasting plasma insulin (μU/mL) | 6.7 ± 1.4 | 18.1 ± 10.7† |
| HOMA‐IR (mg/dL) × (μU/mL) | 2.0 ± 0.6 | 5.7 ± 3.5† |
| Diabetes/no diabetes, n (%) | 2 (40.0)/3 (60.0) | 14 (53.8)/12 (46.2) |
| Glucose‐lowering medications‡ (+/–), n (%) | 1 (20.0)/4 (80.0) | 7 (26.9)/19 (73.1) |
Data are mean ± SD or number of subjects.
* P < 0.01, † P < 0.001, by Welch's t test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. All other unlabeled comparisons were not significantly different.
‡Glucose‐lowering medications were limited to α‐glucosidase inhibitor and/or rapid‐acting insulin secretagogues to minimize the effects on hepatic steatosis and insulin sensitivity.
Abbreviations: HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HOMA‐IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index.